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# patternAzimuth

System object: phased.HeterogeneousConformalArray
Package: phased

Plot heterogeneous conformal array directivity or pattern versus azimuth

## Syntax

```patternAzimuth(sArray,FREQ) patternAzimuth(sArray,FREQ,EL) patternAzimuth(sArray,FREQ,EL,Name,Value) PAT = patternAzimuth(___) ```

## Description

`patternAzimuth(sArray,FREQ)` plots the 2-D array directivity pattern versus azimuth (in dBi) for the array `sArray` at zero degrees elevation angle. The argument `FREQ` specifies the operating frequency.

The integration used when computing array directivity has a minimum sampling grid of 0.1 degrees. If an array pattern has a beamwidth smaller than this, the directivity value will be inaccurate.

`patternAzimuth(sArray,FREQ,EL)`, in addition, plots the 2-D array directivity pattern versus azimuth (in dBi) for the array `sArray` at the elevation angle specified by `EL`. When `EL` is a vector, multiple overlaid plots are created.

`patternAzimuth(sArray,FREQ,EL,Name,Value)` plots the array pattern with additional options specified by one or more `Name,Value` pair arguments.

`PAT = patternAzimuth(___)` returns the array pattern. `PAT` is a matrix whose entries represent the pattern at corresponding sampling points specified by the `'Azimuth'` parameter and the `EL` input argument.

## Input Arguments

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Heterogeneous conformal array, specified as a `phased.HeterogeneousConformalArray` System object.

Example: `sArray= phased.HeterogeneousConformalArray;`

Frequency for computing directivity and pattern, specified as a positive scalar. Frequency units are in hertz.

• For an antenna or microphone element, `FREQ` must lie within the range of values specified by the `FrequencyRange` or the `FrequencyVector` property of the element. Otherwise, the element produces no response and the directivity is returned as `–Inf`. Most elements use the `FrequencyRange` property except for `phased.CustomAntennaElement` and `phased.CustomMicrophoneElement`, which use the `FrequencyVector` property.

• For an array of elements, `FREQ` must lie within the frequency range of the elements that make up the array. Otherwise, the array produces no response and the directivity is returned as `–Inf`.

Example: `1e8`

Data Types: `double`

Elevation angles for computing sensor or array directivities and patterns, specified as a 1-by-N real-valued row vector. The quantity N is the number of requested elevation directions. Angle units are in degrees. The elevation angle must lie between –90° and 90°.

The elevation angle is the angle between the direction vector and the xy plane. When measured toward the z-axis, this angle is positive.

Example: `[0,10,20]`

Data Types: `double`

### Name-Value Pair Arguments

Specify optional comma-separated pairs of `Name,Value` arguments. `Name` is the argument name and `Value` is the corresponding value. `Name` must appear inside quotes. You can specify several name and value pair arguments in any order as `Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN`.

Displayed pattern type, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of `'Type'` and one of

• `'directivity'` — directivity pattern measured in dBi.

• `'efield'` — field pattern of the sensor or array. For acoustic sensors, the displayed pattern is for the scalar sound field.

• `'power'` — power pattern of the sensor or array defined as the square of the field pattern.

• `'powerdb'` — power pattern converted to dB.

Example: `'powerdb'`

Data Types: `char`

Signal propagation speed, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of `'PropagationSpeed'` and a positive scalar in meters per second.

Example: `'PropagationSpeed',physconst('LightSpeed')`

Data Types: `double`

Array weights, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of `'Weights'` and an M-by-1 complex-valued column vector. Array weights are applied to the elements of the array to produce array steering, tapering, or both. The dimension M is the number of elements in the array.

Note

Use complex weights to steer the array response toward different directions. You can create weights using the `phased.SteeringVector` System object or you can compute your own weights. In general, you apply Hermitian conjugation before using weights in any Phased Array System Toolbox™ function or System object such as `phased.Radiator` or `phased.Collector`. However, for the `directivity`, `pattern`, `patternAzimuth`, and `patternElevation` methods of any array System object use the steering vector without conjugation.

Example: `'Weights',ones(10,1)`

Data Types: `double`
Complex Number Support: Yes

Azimuth angles, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of `'Azimuth'` and a 1-by-P real-valued row vector. Azimuth angles define where the array pattern is calculated.

Example: `'Azimuth',[-90:2:90]`

Data Types: `double`

## Output Arguments

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Array directivity or pattern, returned as an L-by-N real-valued matrix. The dimension L is the number of azimuth values determined by the `'Azimuth'` name-value pair argument. The dimension N is the number of elevation angles, as determined by the `EL` input argument.

## Examples

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Construct a 24-element disk array using elements with two different types of cosine antennas. Then, plot the array azimuthal directivity pattern.

Create the array

The array consists of cosine antenna elements with different power exponents.

```sElement1 = phased.CosineAntennaElement('CosinePower',1.5); sElement2 = phased.CosineAntennaElement('CosinePower',1.8); N = 8; azang = (0:N-1)*360/N-180; p0 = [zeros(1,N);cosd(azang);sind(azang)]; posn = [0.6*p0, 0.4*p0, 0.2*p0]; sArray = phased.HeterogeneousConformalArray(... 'ElementPosition',posn,... 'ElementNormal', zeros(2,3*N),... 'ElementSet',{sElement1,sElement2},... 'ElementIndices',[1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]);```

View the disk array

`viewArray(sArray)`

Plot the power pattern

Plot the azimuthal power pattern of this array for three different elevation angles: 0, 10 and 25 degrees. Apply radial tapering to the array. Assume the operating frequency is 1 GHz and the wave propagation speed is the speed of light.

```c = physconst('LightSpeed'); fc = 1e9; wts = [0.5*ones(N,1); 0.7*ones(N,1); 1.0*ones(N,1)]; wts = wts/sum(abs(wts)); patternAzimuth(sArray,fc,[0,10,25],'PropagationSpeed',c,... 'Type','directivity','Weights',wts)```

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## See Also

Introduced in R2015a

## Support

#### Exploring Hybrid Beamforming Architectures for 5G Systems

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