deconvblind

Deblur image using blind deconvolution

Syntax

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi)

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter)

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter,dampar)

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter,dampar,weight)

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter,dampar,weight,readout)

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(___,fun)

Description

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi) deconvolves image I using the maximum likelihood algorithm and an initial estimate of the point-spread function (PSF), psfi. The deconvblind function returns both the deblurred image J and a restored PSF, psfr.

To improve the restoration, deconvblind supports several optional parameters, described below. Use [] as a placeholder if you do not specify an intermediate parameter.

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter) specifies the number of iterations, iter.

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter,dampar) controls noise amplification by suppressing iterations for pixels that deviate a small amount compared to the noise, specified by the damping threshold dampar. By default, no damping occurs.

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter,dampar,weight) specifies which pixels in the input image I are considered in the restoration. The value of an element in the weight array determines how much the pixel at the corresponding position in the input image is considered. For example, to exclude a pixel from consideration, assign it a value of 0 in the weight array. You can adjust the weight value assigned to each pixel according to the amount of flat-field correction.

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(I,psfi,iter,dampar,weight,readout) specifies the additive noise (e.g., background, foreground noise) and variance of the read-out camera noise, readout.

[J,psfr] = deconvblind(___,fun), where fun is a handle to a function that describes additional constraints on the PSF. fun is called at the end of each iteration. For more information about function handles, see Create Function Handle (MATLAB).

Examples

Deblur an Image Using Blind Deconvolution

Create a sample image with noise.

% Set the random number generator back to its default settings for
% consistency in results.
rng default;

I = checkerboard(8);
PSF = fspecial('gaussian',7,10);
V = .0001;
BlurredNoisy = imnoise(imfilter(I,PSF),'gaussian',0,V);

Create a weight array to specify which pixels are included in processing.

WT = zeros(size(I));
WT(5:end-4,5:end-4) = 1;
INITPSF = ones(size(PSF));

Perform blind deconvolution.

[J P] = deconvblind(BlurredNoisy,INITPSF,20,10*sqrt(V),WT);

Display the results.

subplot(221);imshow(BlurredNoisy);
title('A = Blurred and Noisy');
subplot(222);imshow(PSF,[]);
title('True PSF');
subplot(223);imshow(J);
title('Deblurred Image');
subplot(224);imshow(P,[]);
title('Recovered PSF');

Input Arguments

I — Blurry image

numeric array | cell array

Blurry image, specified as a numeric array of any dimension. You can also specify the image as a cell array to enable interrupted iterations. For more information, see Tips.

Data Types: single | double | int16 | uint8 | uint16

psfi — Initial estimate of PSF

numeric array

Initial estimate of PSF, specified as a numeric array. The PSF restoration is affected strongly by the size of the initial guess psfi and less by the values it contains. For this reason, specify an array of 1s as your psfi.

You can also specify psfi as a cell array to enable interrupted iterations. For more information, see Tips.

Data Types: single | double | int16 | uint8 | uint16

iter — Number of iterations

10 (default) | positive integer

Number of iterations, specified as a positive integer.

Data Types: double

dampar — Threshold for damping

0 (default) | numeric scalar

Threshold for damping, specified as a numeric scalar. Damping occurs for pixels whose deviation between iterations is less than the threshold. dampar has the same data type as I.

weight — Weight of each pixel

numeric array

Weight value of each pixel, specified as a numeric array with values in the range [0, 1]. weight has the same size as the input image, I. By default, all elements in weight have the value 1, so all pixels are considered equally in the restoration.

Data Types: double

readout — Noise

0 (default) | numeric scalar | numeric array

Noise, specified as a numeric scalar or numeric array. The value of readout corresponds to the additive noise (such as noise from the foreground and background) and the variance of the read-out camera noise. readout has the same data type as I.

fun — Function handle

handle

Function handle, specified as a handle. fun must accept the PSF as its first argument. The function must return one argument: a PSF that is the same size as the original PSF and that satisfies the positivity and normalization constraints.

Output Arguments

J — Deblurred image

numeric array | 1-by-4 cell array

Deblurred image, returned as a numeric array or a 1-by-4 cell array. J (or J{1} when J is a cell array) has the same data type as I. For more information about returning J as a cell array for interrupted iterations, see Tips.

psfr — Restored PSF

array of positive numbers | 1-by-4 cell array

Restored PSF, returned as an array of positive numbers or a 1-by-4 cell array. psfr has the same size as the initial estimate of the PSF, psfi, and it is normalized so the sum of elements is 1. For more information about returning psfr as a cell array for interrupted iterations, see Tips.

Data Types: double

Tips

• You can use deconvblind to perform a deconvolution that starts where a previous deconvolution stopped. To use this feature, pass the input image I and the initial guess at the PSF, psfi, as cell arrays: {I} and {psfi}. When you do, the deconvblind function returns the output image J and the restored point-spread function, psfr, as cell arrays, which can then be passed as the input arrays into the next deconvblind call. The output cell array J contains four elements:

  J{1} contains I, the original image.

  J{2} contains the result of the last iteration.

  J{3} contains the result of the next-to-last iteration.

  J{4} is an array generated by the iterative algorithm.

• The output image J could exhibit ringing introduced by the discrete Fourier transform used in the algorithm. To reduce the ringing, use I = edgetaper(I,psfi) before calling deconvblind.

References

[1] D.S.C. Biggs and M. Andrews, Acceleration of iterative image restoration algorithms, Applied Optics, Vol. 36, No. 8, 1997.

[2] R.J. Hanisch, R.L. White, and R.L. Gilliland, Deconvolutions of Hubble Space Telescope Images and Spectra, Deconvolution of Images and Spectra, Ed. P.A. Jansson, 2nd ed., Academic Press, CA, 1997.

[3] Timothy J. Holmes, et al, Light Microscopic Images Reconstructed by Maximum Likelihood Deconvolution, Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, Ed. James B. Pawley, Plenum Press, New York, 1995.