Frequency Response Estimation of PMSM Using Field-Oriented Control

Models

The example includes the model (target model) mcb_pmsm_freq_est_f28379d.

You can use this model for both simulation and code generation.

For details regarding the supported hardware configuration, see the Required Hardware topic in the Generate Code and Deploy Model to Target Hardware section.

Required MathWorks Products

To simulate model:

To generate code and deploy model:

1. Motor Control Blockset

2. Embedded Coder®

3. C2000™ Microcontroller Blockset

4. Simulink Control Design

5. Stateflow (needed only if you modify the example model)

Prerequisites

1. Obtain the motor parameters. The Simulink® model uses default motor parameters that you can replace with the values from either the motor datasheet or other sources.

However, if you have the motor control hardware, you can estimate the parameters for the motor that you want to use by using the Motor Control Blockset parameter estimation tool. For instructions, see Estimate PMSM Parameters Using Recommended Hardware.

The parameter estimation tool updates the motorParam variable (in the MATLAB® workspace) with the estimated motor parameters.

2. If you obtain the motor parameters from the datasheet or other sources, update the motor parameters and inverter parameters in the model initialization script associated with the Simulink® models. For instructions, see Estimate Control Gains and Use Utility Functions.

If you use the parameter estimation tool, you can update the inverter parameters, but do not update the motor parameters in the model initialization script. The script automatically extracts motor parameters from the updated motorParam workspace variable.

Simulate Model

This example supports simulation. Follow these steps to simulate the model.

1. Open the target model included with this example.

2. Click Run on the Simulation tab to simulate the model.

3. Click Data Inspector on the Simulation tab to view and analyze the simulation results.

4. On the target model, click the Plot freq response hyperlink to plot the frequency response data of the plant model (sys_sim_id, sys_sim_iq, and sys_sim_spd variables in the workspace) that the speed control loop and the current control loops measure.

Generate Code and Deploy Model to Target Hardware

This section shows you how to generate code, run the FOC algorithm on the target hardware, start frequency response estimation, and plot the FRE data.

This example uses a host and a target model. The host model is a user interface to the controller hardware board. You can run the host model on the host computer. The prerequisite to use the host model is to deploy the target model to the controller hardware board. The host model uses serial communication to command the target Simulink® model and run the motor in a closed-loop control.

Required Hardware

This example supports this hardware configuration. You can also use the target model name to open the model from the MATLAB® command prompt.

Note: When using the BOOSTXL-3PHGANINV inverter, ensure that proper insulation is available between the bottom layer of BOOSTXL-3PHGANINV and the LAUNCHXL board.

For connections related to the hardware configurations, see LAUNCHXL-F28069M and LAUNCHXL-F28379D Configurations.

Generate Code and Run Model on Target Hardware

1. Simulate the target model and observe the simulation results.

2. Complete the hardware connections.

3. The model automatically computes the ADC (or current) offset values. To disable this functionality (enabled by default), update the variable inverter.ADCOffsetCalibEnable to 0 in the model initialization script.

Alternatively, you can compute the ADC offset values and update it manually in the model initialization scripts. For instructions, see Run 3-Phase AC Motors in Open-Loop Control and Calibrate ADC Offset.

4. Compute the quadrature encoder index offset value and update it in the pmsm.PositionOffset variable available in the model initialization script associated with the target model. For instructions, see Quadrature Encoder Offset Calibration for PMSM.

5. Open the target model for the hardware configuration that you want to use. If you want to change the default hardware configuration settings for the model, see Model Configuration Parameters.

6. Load a sample program to CPU2 of LAUNCHXL-F28379D. For example, load the program that operates the CPU2 blue LED by using GPIO31 (c28379D_cpu2_blink.slx) to ensure that CPU2 is not mistakenly configured to use the board peripherals intended for CPU1. For more information about the sample program or model, see the Task 2 - Create, Configure and Run the Model for TI Delfino F28379D LaunchPad (Dual Core) section in Getting Started with Texas Instruments C2000 Microcontroller Blockset (C2000 Microcontroller Blockset).

7. Click Build, Deploy & Start on the Hardware tab to deploy the target model to the hardware.

8. Click the host model hyperlink in the target model to open the associated host model.

For details about the serial communication between the host and target models, see Host-Target Communication.

9. In the model initialization script associated with the target model, specify the communication port using the variable target.comport. The example uses this variable to update the Port parameter of the Host Serial Setup, Host Serial Receive, and Host Serial Transmit blocks available in the host model.

10. Change the position of the Start / Stop Motor switch to On to start running the motor.

11. Update the Reference Speed value in the host model.

12. Select the debug signal that you want to monitor in the Debug signals section of the host model. Observe these signals in the SelectedSignals time scope window.

13. Click the FRE Trigger button to start the FRE process on the target hardware.

14. Select Position & Raw FRE data in the Debug signals section of the host model to start receiving the raw FRE data from the target hardware. The FRE Status LED turns amber to indicate that the host model is receiving raw FRE data from the target hardware.

Note: The LED shows the correct status only when you select Position & Raw FRE data in the Debug signals section. Otherwise, the LED remains grey.

15. Check the status of the FRE Status LED on the host model. The LED turns green after the host model receives all the raw FRE data from the target hardware.

16. Click the FRE Plot button to plot the raw FRE data received from the target hardware.

17. On the host model, click Stop on the Simulation tab to stop the simulation.

18. Click the compare hyperlink in the host model to plot the raw FRE data generated during simulation and hardware run and compare them.

For an accurate comparison, use the same reference speed during simulation and when running the example on the target hardware.

NOTE:

Configure Frequency Response Estimator Block

Configure these parameters in the Frequency Response Estimator block (from Simulink Control Design™ toolbox) mask:

Note: By default, the model uses an array size of 15. However, you can configure the array size.

The start/stop signal value of 1 that started the FRE experiment should change to 0 only after the perturbations and tests for all the frequencies are complete and the FRE experiment ends.

A high amplitude produces disturbances when the motor runs. An amplitude that is too low results in an inaccurate FRE.

For more details about the Frequency Response Estimator block, see Frequency Response Estimator (Simulink Control Design).

Frequency Response Estimator Block Output

The Frequency Response Estimator block (connected to each PI controller) performs an FRE experiment by perturbing the PI controller output using the sequence of frequencies stored in fre.i_freq.

For each perturbation signal (represented by a frequency) the block estimates the plant frequency response in the form of a complex number. Therefore, the block uses the array of frequencies to generate an array of complex numbers (raw FRE data). The sequence of complex numbers contains the information related to gain and phase delay.

Controlling FRE Experiments

The State Machine Control subsystem algorithm enables the three Frequency Response Estimator blocks one at a time (and runs the three FRE experiments) in this order by using the start/stop input port of the Frequency Response Estimator block:

1. FRE block connected to Id control loop

2. FRE block connected to Iq control loop

3. FRE block connected to speed control loop

The state machine control ensures that the time interval between the start and stop signals is greater than or equal to the FRE experiment length (as displayed by the Frequency Response Estimator block dialog box). If you change the perturbation signal frequencies, ensure that the state machine control sends the stop signal only after the FRE experiment ends.

For more details about the Frequency Response Estimator block, see Frequency Response Estimator (Simulink Control Design).

Plot Frequency Response After Simulation

After the simulation ends, the target model stores the frequency response (or the raw FRE data) in these workspace variables:

When you click the Plot freq response hyperlink in the target model, the model plots the frequency response for the three PI controllers.

The target model uses these commands to plot the frequency responses as seen by the three PI controllers.

Frequency response of Id current PI controller:

sys_sim_id = frd(out.Idfreqdata,fre.i_freq*2*pi);

bode(sys_sim_id);

Frequency response of Iq current PI controller:

sys_sim_iq = frd(out.Iqfreqdata,fre.i_freq*2*pi);

bode(sys_sim_iq);

Frequency response of speed PI controller:

sys_sim_spd = frd(out.Spdfreqdata,fre.spd_freq*2*pi);

bodeplot(sys_sim_spd);

For more information about these commands, see these files:

Send Raw FRE Data to Host Model

When running the target model on the hardware, the target model transfers the raw FRE data continuously to the host model.

The target model splits the entire sequence of complex numbers (or raw FRE data) from each FRE block into real and imaginary arrays and adds headers to separate them. It uses this format to send the raw FRE data from each FRE block to the host model using serial communication.

Plot Frequency Response When Using Target Hardware

After receiving the message from the target hardware, the host model decrypts the message and stores the array of complex numbers (raw FRE data) in these workspace variables:

When you click the FRE Plot button, the host model plots the frequency response for the three PI controllers.

The host model uses these commands to plot the frequency responses observed for the three PI controllers.

Frequency response of Id current PI controller:

sys_hw_id=frd(IdFreqData.signals.values,fre.i_freq*2*pi);

bode(sys_hw_id);

Frequency response of Iq current PI controller:

sys_hw_iq=frd(IqFreqData.signals.values,fre.i_freq*2*pi);

bode(sys_hw_iq);

Frequency response of speed PI controller:

sys_hw_spd=frd(SpdFreqData.signals.values,fre.spd_freq*2*pi);

bode(sys_hw_spd);

For more information about these commands, see these files:

Tuning PI Controller Gains

These steps show you how to tune and determine the gains for the Id and Iq currents and the speed of the PI controllers:

1. Navigate to the Apps tab on the Simulink toolstrip and open the PID Tuner app.

2. In the PID Tuner tab, select PI for Type, Parallel for Form, and Frequency for Domain.

3. Under Plant, select Import to open the Import Linear System window.

4. In the Import Linear System window, select sys_sim_id and click Import to import the FRE data for the Id PI controller.

5. Select Add Plot > Bode > Open-loop to open the open-loop bode plot for the Id PI controller.

6. Use the Tuning Tools section in the PID Tuner tab to tune the bandwidth and phase margin and observe the results in the open-loop and plant bode plots.

7. After you finish tuning, click Show Parameters to display the tuned controller parameters Kp and Ki for the Id current PI controller.

8. Repeat steps 3 to 7 by selecting sys_sim_iq in the Import Linear System window to obtain the tuned parameters Kp and Ki for the Iq PI controller.

9. Update the Kp and Ki gain values for both Id and Iq current PI controllers in the initialization script of the example model mcb_pmsm_freq_est_f28379d.slx. For instructions, see Estimate Control Gains and Use Utility Functions.

10. Perform the frequency response estimation again using the updated PI controller gains by either simulating the example or running it on the target hardware.

11. Perform steps 3 to 7 by selecting sys_sim_spd in the Import Linear System window to obtain the tuned parameters Kp and Ki for the speed PI controller.

See Also

Other Things to Try

You can try estimating the transfer functions and state-space models from the FRE data by using these functions from the System Identification Toolbox™: