wdencmp

Denoising or compression

Syntax

[XC,CXC,LXC,PERF0,PERFL2] = wdencmp('gbl',X,wname,N,THR,SORH,KEEPAPP)

[___] = wdencmp('gbl',C,L,wname,N,THR,SORH,KEEPAPP)

[___] = wdencmp('lvd',X,wname,N,THR,SORH)

[___] = wdencmp('lvd',C,L,wname,N,THR,SORH)

Description

[XC,CXC,LXC,PERF0,PERFL2] = wdencmp('gbl',X,wname,N,THR,SORH,KEEPAPP) returns a denoised or compressed version XC of the input data X obtained by wavelet coefficients thresholding using the global positive threshold THR. X is a real-valued vector or matrix. [CXC,LXC] is the N-level wavelet decomposition structure of XC (see wavedec or wavedec2 for more information). PERFL2 and PERF0 are the L²-norm recovery and compression scores in percentages, respectively. If KEEPAPP = 1, the approximation coefficients are kept. If KEEPAPP = 0, the approximation coefficients can be thresholded.

[___] = wdencmp('gbl',C,L,wname,N,THR,SORH,KEEPAPP) uses the wavelet decomposition structure [C,L] of the data to be denoised or compressed.

[___] = wdencmp('lvd',X,wname,N,THR,SORH) uses the level-dependent thresholds THR. The approximation coefficients are kept.

[___] = wdencmp('lvd',C,L,wname,N,THR,SORH) uses the wavelet decomposition structure [C,L].

Examples

Denoise 1-D Signal Using Default Global Threshold

Denoise 1-D electricity consumption data using the Donoho-Johnstone global threshold.

Load the signal and select a segment for denoising.

load leleccum; indx = 2600:3100;
x = leleccum(indx);

Use ddencmp to determine the default global threshold and denoise the signal. Plot the original and denoised signals.

[thr,sorh,keepapp] = ddencmp('den','wv',x);
xd = wdencmp('gbl',x,'db3',2,thr,sorh,keepapp);
subplot(211)
plot(x); title('Original Signal');
subplot(212)
plot(xd); title('Denoised Signal');

Denoise Image Using Default Global Threshold

Denoise an image in additive white Gaussian noise using the Donoho-Johnstone universal threshold.

Load an image and add white Gaussian noise.

load sinsin
Y = X+18*randn(size(X));

Use ddencmp to obtain the threshold.

[thr,sorh,keepapp] = ddencmp('den','wv',Y);

Denoise the image. Use the order 4 Symlet and a two-level wavelet decomposition. Plot the original image, the noisy image, and the denoised result.

xd = wdencmp('gbl',Y,'sym4',2,thr,sorh,keepapp);
subplot(2,2,1)
imagesc(X)
title('Original Image')
subplot(2,2,2)
imagesc(Y)
title('Noisy Image')
subplot(2,2,3)
imagesc(xd)
title('Denoised Image')

Input Arguments

X — Input data

real-valued vector | real-valued matrix

Input data to denoise or compress, specified by a real-valued vector or matrix.

Data Types: double

C — Wavelet expansion coefficients

real-valued vector

Wavelet expansion coefficients of the data to be compressed or denoised, specified as a real-valued vector. If the data is one-dimensional, C is the output of wavedec. If the data is two-dimensional, C is the output of wavedec2.

Example: [C,L] = wavedec(randn(1,1024),3,'db4')

Data Types: double

L — Size of wavelet expansion coefficients

vector of positive integers | matrix of positive integers

Size of wavelet expansion coefficients of the signal or image to be compressed or denoised, specified as a vector or matrix of positive integers.

For signals, L is the output of wavedec. For images, L is the output of wavedec2.

Example: [C,L] = wavedec(randn(1,1024),3,'db4')

Data Types: double

wname — Name of wavelet

character vector | string scalar

Name of wavelet, specified as a character vector or string scalar, to use for denoising or compression. See wavemngr for more information. wdencmp uses wname to generate the N-level wavelet decomposition of X.

N — Level of wavelet decomposition

positive integer

Level of wavelet decomposition, specified as a positive integer.

THR — Threshold

scalar | real-valued vector | real-valued matrix

Threshold to apply to the wavelet coefficients, specified as a scalar, real-valued vector, or real-valued matrix.

• For the case 'gbl', THR is a scalar.

• For the one-dimensional case and 'lvd' option, THR is a length N real-valued vector containing the level-dependent thresholds.

• For the two-dimensional case and 'lvd' option, THR is a 3-by-N matrix containing the level-dependent thresholds in the three orientations: horizontal, diagonal, and vertical.

Data Types: double

SORH — Type of thresholding

's' | 'h'

Type of thresholding to perform:

• 's' — Soft thresholding

• 'h' — Hard thresholding

See wthresh for more information.

KEEPAPP — Threshold approximation setting

0 | 1

Threshold approximation setting, specified as either 0 or 1. If KEEPAPP = 1, the approximation coefficients cannot be thresholded. If KEEPAPP = 0, the approximation coefficients can be thresholded.

Data Types: double

Output Arguments

XC — Denoised or compressed data

real-valued vector | real-valued matrix

Denoised or compressed data, returned as a real-valued vector or matrix. XC and X have the same dimensions.

CXC — Wavelet expansion coefficients

real-valued vector

Wavelet expansion coefficients of the denoised or compressed data XC, returned as a real-valued vector. LXC contains the number of coefficients by level.

LXC — Size of wavelet expansion coefficients

vector of positive integers | matrix of positive integers

Size of wavelet expansion coefficients of the denoised or compressed data XC, returned as a vector or matrix of positive integers. If the data is one-dimensional, LXC is a vector of positive integers (see wavedec for more information). If the data is two-dimensional, LXC is a matrix of positive integers (see wavedec2 for more information).

PERF0 — Compression score

scalar

Compression score, returned as a real number. PERF0 is the percentage of thresholded coefficients that are equal to 0.

PERFL2 — L² energy recovery

scalar

PERFL2 = 100 * (vector-norm of CXC / vector-norm of C)² if [C,L] denotes the wavelet decomposition structure of X.

If X is a one-dimensional signal and 'wname' an orthogonal wavelet, PERFL2 is reduced to

$$\frac{100{\Vert XC\Vert }^2}{{\Vert X\Vert }^2}$$

Algorithms

The denoising and compression procedures contain three steps:

1. Decomposition.

2. Thresholding.

3. Reconstruction.

The two procedures differ in Step 2. In compression, for each level in the wavelet decomposition, a threshold is selected and hard thresholding is applied to the detail coefficients.

References

[1] DeVore, R. A., B. Jawerth, and B. J. Lucier. “Image Compression Through Wavelet Transform Coding.” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. Vol. 38, Number 2, 1992, pp. 719–746.

[2] Donoho, D. L. “Progress in Wavelet Analysis and WVD: A Ten Minute Tour.” Progress in Wavelet Analysis and Applications (Y. Meyer, and S. Roques, eds.). Gif-sur-Yvette: Editions Frontières, 1993.

[3] Donoho, D. L., and I. M. Johnstone. “Ideal Spatial Adaptation by Wavelet Shrinkage.” Biometrika. Vol. 81, pp. 425–455, 1994.

[4] Donoho, D. L., I. M. Johnstone, G. Kerkyacharian, and D. Picard. “Wavelet Shrinkage: Asymptopia?” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, series B, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 301–369, 1995.

[5] Donoho, D. L., and I. M. Johnstone. “Ideal denoising in an orthonormal basis chosen from a library of bases.” C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I, Vol. 319, pp. 1317–1322, 1994.

[6] Donoho, D. L. “De-noising by Soft-Thresholding.” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. Vol. 42, Number 3, pp. 613–627, 1995.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

• Variable-size data support must be enabled.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a