This depends on the exact device, but generally NO.
In order to verify that a device has been flashed with the correct cide, you need some kind of debug access to the device that permits you to read all memory locations. There is no standard debug interface: it is very device dependent.
In some cases, there might have been a monitor program set up to talk to matlab, but when you flashed the device then that program might have been overwritten.
MATLAB does not have direct memory access to most devices.
There might be devices configured in a way that permits you to verify the code, but we would need to know about specific devices and how they were configured.
