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What's the weather like in your place?
I feel like no one at UC San Diego knows this page, let alone this server, is still live. For the younger generation, this is what the whole internet used to look like :)
In short: support varying color in at least the plot, plot3, fplot, and fplot3 functions.
This has been a thing that's come up quite a few times, and includes questions/requests by users, workarounds by the community, and workarounds presented by MathWorks -- examples of each below. It's a feature that exists in Python's Matplotlib library and Sympy. Anyways, given that there are myriads of workarounds, it appears to be one of the most common requests for Matlab plots (Matlab's plotting is, IMO, one of the best features of the product), the request precedes the 21st century, and competitive tools provide the functionality, it would seem to me that this might be the next great feature for Matlab plotting.
I'm curious to get the rest of the community's thoughts... what's everyone else think about this?
---
User questions/requests
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/480389-colored-line-plot-according-to-a-third-variable
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/2092641-how-to-solve-a-problem-with-the-generation-of-multiple-colored-segments-on-one-line-in-matlab-plot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/5042-how-do-i-vary-color-along-a-2d-line
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1917650-how-to-plot-a-trajectory-with-varying-colour
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1917650-how-to-plot-a-trajectory-with-varying-colour
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/511523-how-to-create-plot3-varying-color-figure
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/393810-multiple-colours-in-a-trajectory-plot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/523135-creating-a-rainbow-colour-plot-trajectory
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/469929-how-to-vary-the-color-of-a-dynamic-line
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/585011-how-could-i-adjust-the-color-of-multiple-lines-within-a-graph-without-using-the-default-matlab-colo
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/517177-how-to-interpolate-color-along-a-curve-with-specific-colors
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/281645-variate-color-depending-on-the-y-value-in-plot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/439176-how-do-i-vary-the-color-along-a-line-in-polar-coordinates
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1849193-creating-rainbow-coloured-plots-in-3d
- https://groups.google.com/g/comp.soft-sys.matlab/c/cLgjSeEC15I?hl=en&pli=1 (a question asked in 1999!)
- ... the list goes on, and on, and on...
User-provided workarounds
- https://undocumentedmatlab.com/articles/plot-line-transparency-and-color-gradient
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/19476-colored-line-or-scatter-plot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/23566-3d-colored-line-plot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/30423-conditionally-colored-line-plot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/14677-cline
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/8597-plot-3d-color-line
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/39972-colormapline-color-changing-2d-or-3d-line
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/37725-conditionally-colored-plot-ccplot
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/11611-linear-2d-plot-with-rainbow-color
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/26692-color_line
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/32911-plot3rgb
- And perhaps more?
MathWorks-provided workarounds
- https://www.mathworks.com/videos/coloring-a-line-based-on-height-gradient-or-some-other-value-in-matlab-97128.html
- https://www.mathworks.com/videos/making-a-multi-color-line-in-matlab-97127.html
- https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/95663-color-trajectory-plot (contributed by a MathWorks staff member)
- And perhaps more?
The line integral 
, where C is the boundary of the square 
oriented counterclockwise, can be evaluated in two ways:
, where C is the boundary of the square oriented counterclockwise, can be evaluated in two ways: Using the definition of the line integral:
% Initialize the integral sum
integral_sum = 0;
% Segment C1: x = -1, y goes from -1 to 1
y = linspace(-1, 1);
x = -1 * ones(size(y));
dy = diff(y);
integral_sum = integral_sum + sum(-x(1:end-1) .* dy);
% Segment C2: y = 1, x goes from -1 to 1
x = linspace(-1, 1);
y = ones(size(x));
dx = diff(x);
integral_sum = integral_sum + sum(y(1:end-1).^2 .* dx);
% Segment C3: x = 1, y goes from 1 to -1
y = linspace(1, -1);
x = ones(size(y));
dy = diff(y);
integral_sum = integral_sum + sum(-x(1:end-1) .* dy);
% Segment C4: y = -1, x goes from 1 to -1
x = linspace(1, -1);
y = -1 * ones(size(x));
dx = diff(x);
integral_sum = integral_sum + sum(y(1:end-1).^2 .* dx);
disp(['Direct Method Integral: ', num2str(integral_sum)]);
Plotting the square path
% Define the square's vertices
vertices = [-1 -1; -1 1; 1 1; 1 -1; -1 -1];
% Plot the square
figure;
plot(vertices(:,1), vertices(:,2), '-o');
title('Square Path for Line Integral');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
grid on;
axis equal;
% Add arrows to indicate the path direction (counterclockwise)
hold on;
for i = 1:size(vertices,1)-1
% Calculate direction
dx = vertices(i+1,1) - vertices(i,1);
dy = vertices(i+1,2) - vertices(i,2);
% Reduce the length of the arrow for better visibility
scale = 0.2;
dx = scale * dx;
dy = scale * dy;
% Calculate the start point of the arrow
startx = vertices(i,1) + (1 - scale) * dx;
starty = vertices(i,2) + (1 - scale) * dy;
% Plot the arrow
quiver(startx, starty, dx, dy, 'MaxHeadSize', 0.5, 'Color', 'r', 'AutoScale', 'off');
end
hold off;
Apply Green's Theorem for the line integral
% Define the partial derivatives of P and Q
f = @(x, y) -1 - 2*y; % derivative of -x with respect to x is -1, and derivative of y^2 with respect to y is 2y
% Compute the double integral over the square [-1,1]x[-1,1]
integral_value = integral2(f, -1, 1, 1, -1);
disp(['Green''s Theorem Integral: ', num2str(integral_value)]);
Plotting the vector field related to Greenโs theorem
% Define the grid for the vector field
[x, y] = meshgrid(linspace(-2, 2, 20), linspace(-2 ,2, 20));
% Define the vector field components
P = y.^2; % y^2 component
Q = -x; % -x component
% Plot the vector field
figure;
quiver(x, y, P, Q, 'b');
hold on; % Hold on to plot the square on the same figure
% Define the square's vertices
vertices = [-1 -1; -1 1; 1 1; 1 -1; -1 -1];
% Plot the square path
plot(vertices(:,1), vertices(:,2), '-o', 'Color', 'k'); % 'k' for black color
title('Vector Field (P = y^2, Q = -x) with Square Path');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
axis equal;
% Add arrows to indicate the path direction (counterclockwise)
for i = 1:size(vertices,1)-1
% Calculate direction
dx = vertices(i+1,1) - vertices(i,1);
dy = vertices(i+1,2) - vertices(i,2);
% Reduce the length of the arrow for better visibility
scale = 0.2;
dx = scale * dx;
dy = scale * dy;
% Calculate the start point of the arrow
startx = vertices(i,1) + (1 - scale) * dx;
starty = vertices(i,2) + (1 - scale) * dy;
% Plot the arrow
quiver(startx, starty, dx, dy, 'MaxHeadSize', 0.5, 'Color', 'r', 'AutoScale', 'off');
end
hold off;
To solve a surface integral for example the
over the sphere 
easily in MATLAB, you can leverage the symbolic toolbox for a direct and clear solution. Here is a tip to simplify the process:
over the sphere easily in MATLAB, you can leverage the symbolic toolbox for a direct and clear solution. Here is a tip to simplify the process:- Use Symbolic Variables and Functions: Define your variables symbolically, including the parameters of your spherical coordinates ฮธ and ฯ and the radius r . This allows MATLAB to handle the expressions symbolically, making it easier to manipulate and integrate them.
- Express in Spherical Coordinates Directly: Since you already know the sphere's equation and the relationship in spherical coordinates, define x, y, and z in terms of r , ฮธ and ฯ directly.
- Perform Symbolic Integration: Use MATLAB's `int` function to integrate symbolically. Since the sphere and the function
are symmetric, you can exploit these symmetries to simplify the calculation.
Hereโs how you can apply this tip in MATLAB code:
% Include the symbolic math toolbox
syms theta phi
% Define the limits for theta and phi
theta_limits = [0, pi];
phi_limits = [0, 2*pi];
% Define the integrand function symbolically
integrand = 16 * sin(theta)^3 * cos(phi)^2;
% Perform the symbolic integral for the surface integral
surface_integral = int(int(integrand, theta, theta_limits(1), theta_limits(2)), phi, phi_limits(1), phi_limits(2));
% Display the result of the surface integral symbolically
disp(['The surface integral of x^2 over the sphere is ', char(surface_integral)]);
% Number of points for plotting
num_points = 100;
% Define theta and phi for the sphere's surface
[theta_mesh, phi_mesh] = meshgrid(linspace(double(theta_limits(1)), double(theta_limits(2)), num_points), ...
linspace(double(phi_limits(1)), double(phi_limits(2)), num_points));
% Spherical to Cartesian conversion for plotting
r = 2; % radius of the sphere
x = r * sin(theta_mesh) .* cos(phi_mesh);
y = r * sin(theta_mesh) .* sin(phi_mesh);
z = r * cos(theta_mesh);
% Plot the sphere
figure;
surf(x, y, z, 'FaceColor', 'interp', 'EdgeColor', 'none');
colormap('jet'); % Color scheme
shading interp; % Smooth shading
camlight headlight; % Add headlight-type lighting
lighting gouraud; % Use Gouraud shading for smooth color transitions
title('Sphere: x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 4');
xlabel('x-axis');
ylabel('y-axis');
zlabel('z-axis');
colorbar; % Add color bar to indicate height values
axis square; % Maintain aspect ratio to be square
view([-30, 20]); % Set a nice viewing angle
I am often talking to new MATLAB users. I have put together one script. If you know how this script works, why, and what each line means, you will be well on your way on your MATLAB learning journey.
% Clear existing variables and close figures
clear;
close all;
% Print to the Command Window
disp('Hello, welcome to MATLAB!');
% Create a simple vector and matrix
vector = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
matrix = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9];
% Display the created vector and matrix
disp('Created vector:');
disp(vector);
disp('Created matrix:');
disp(matrix);
% Perform element-wise multiplication
result = vector .* 2;
% Display the result of the operation
disp('Result of element-wise multiplication of the vector by 2:');
disp(result);
% Create plot
x = 0:0.1:2*pi; % Generate values from 0 to 2*pi
y = sin(x); % Calculate the sine of these values
% Plotting
figure; % Create a new figure window
plot(x, y); % Plot x vs. y
title('Simple Plot of sin(x)'); % Give the plot a title
xlabel('x'); % Label the x-axis
ylabel('sin(x)'); % Label the y-axis
grid on; % Turn on the grid
disp('This is the end of the script. Explore MATLAB further to learn more!');
I would like to propose the creation of MATLAB EduHub, a dedicated channel within the MathWorks community where educators, students, and professionals can share and access a wealth of educational material that utilizes MATLAB. This platform would act as a central repository for articles, teaching notes, and interactive learning modules that integrate MATLAB into the teaching and learning of various scientific fields.
Key Features:
1. Resource Sharing: Users will be able to upload and share their own educational materials, such as articles, tutorials, code snippets, and datasets.
2. Categorization and Search: Materials can be categorized for easy searching by subject area, difficulty level, and MATLAB version..
3. Community Engagement: Features for comments, ratings, and discussions to encourage community interaction.
4. Support for Educators: Special sections for educators to share teaching materials and track engagement.
Benefits:
- Enhanced Educational Experience: The platform will enrich the learning experience through access to quality materials.
- Collaboration and Networking: It will promote collaboration and networking within the MATLAB community.
- Accessibility of Resources: It will make educational materials available to a wider audience.
By establishing MATLAB EduHub, I propose a space where knowledge and experience can be freely shared, enhancing the educational process and the MATLAB community as a whole.
Happy Pi Day!
3.14 ฯ Day has arrived, and this post provides some very cool pi implementations and complete MATLAB code.
Firstly, in order to obtain the first n decimal places of pi, we need to write the following code (to prevent inaccuracies, we need to take a few more tails and perform another operation of taking the first n decimal places when needed):
function Pi=getPi(n)
if nargin<1,n=3;end
Pi=char(vpa(sym(pi),n+10));
Pi=abs(Pi)-48;
Pi=Pi(3:n+2);
end
With this function to obtain the decimal places of pi, our visualization journey has begun~Step by step, from simple to complex~(Please try to use newer versions of MATLAB to run, at least R17b)
1 Pie chart
Just calculate the proportion of each digit to the first 1500 decimal places:
% ่ทๅpiๅ1500ไฝๅฐๆฐ
Pi=getPi(1500);
% ็ป่ฎกๅไธชๆฐๅญๅบ็ฐๆฌกๆฐ
numNum=find([diff(sort(Pi)),1]);
numNum=[numNum(1),diff(numNum)];
% ้
่ฒๅ่กจ
CM=[20,164,199;43,187,170;53,165,81;189,190,28;248,167,22;
232,74,27;244,57,99;240,118,177;168,109,195;78,125,187]./255;
% ็ปๅพๅนถไฟฎ้ฅฐ
pieHdl=pie(numNum);
set(gcf,'Color',[1,1,1],'Position',[200,100,620,620]);
for i=1:2:20
pieHdl(i).EdgeColor=[1,1,1];
pieHdl(i).LineWidth=1;
pieHdl(i).FaceColor=CM((i+1)/2,:);
end
for i=2:2:20
pieHdl(i).Color=CM(i/2,:);
pieHdl(i).FontWeight='bold';
pieHdl(i).FontSize=14;
end
% ็ปๅถๅพไพๅนถไฟฎ้ฅฐ
lgdHdl=legend(num2cell('0123456789'));
lgdHdl.FontWeight='bold';
lgdHdl.FontSize=11;
lgdHdl.TextColor=[.5,.5,.5];
lgdHdl.Location='southoutside';
lgdHdl.Box='off';
lgdHdl.NumColumns=10;
lgdHdl.ItemTokenSize=[20,15];
title("VISUALIZING \pi 'Pi' Chart | 1500 digits",'FontSize',18,...
'FontName','Times New Roman','Color',[.5,.5,.5])
2 line chart
Calculate the change in the proportion of each number:
% ่ทๅpiๅ1500ไฝๅฐๆฐ
Pi=getPi(1500);
% ่ฎก็ฎๆฏไพๅๅ
Ratio=cumsum(Pi==(0:9)',2);
Ratio=Ratio./sum(Ratio);
D=1:length(Ratio);
% ้
่ฒๅ่กจ
CM=[20,164,199;43,187,170;53,165,81;189,190,28;248,167,22;
232,74,27;244,57,99;240,118,177;168,109,195;78,125,187]./255;
hold on
% ๅพช็ฏ็ปๅพ
for i=1:10
plot(D(20:end),Ratio(i,20:end),'Color',[CM(i,:),.6],'LineWidth',1.8)
end
% ๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
ax=gca;box on;grid on
ax.YLim=[0,.2];
ax.YTick=0:.05:.2;
ax.XTick=0:200:1400;
ax.YTickLabel={'0%','5%','10%','15%','20%'};
ax.XMinorTick='on';
ax.YMinorTick='on';
ax.LineWidth=.8;
ax.GridLineStyle='-.';
ax.FontName='Cambria';
ax.FontSize=11;
ax.XLabel.String='Decimals';
ax.YLabel.String='Proportion';
ax.XLabel.FontSize=13;
ax.YLabel.FontSize=13;
% ็ปๅถๅพไพๅนถไฟฎ้ฅฐ
lgdHdl=legend(num2cell('0123456789'));
lgdHdl.NumColumns=5;
lgdHdl.FontWeight='bold';
lgdHdl.FontSize=11;
lgdHdl.TextColor=[.5,.5,.5];
3 stacked area diagram
% ่ทๅpiๅ500ไฝๅฐๆฐ
Pi=getPi(500);
% ่ฎก็ฎๆฏไพๅๅ
Ratio=cumsum(Pi==(0:9)',2);
Ratio=Ratio./sum(Ratio);
% ้
่ฒๅ่กจ
CM=[231,98,84;239,138,71;247,170,88;255,208,111;255,230,183;
170,220,224;114,188,213;82,143,173;55,103,149;30,70,110]./255;
% ็ปๅถๅ ๅ ้ข็งฏๅพ
hold on
areaHdl=area(Ratio');
for i=1:10
areaHdl(i).FaceColor=CM(i,:);
areaHdl(i).FaceAlpha=.9;
end
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,720,420]);
ax=gca;
ax.YLim=[0,1];
ax.XMinorTick='on';
ax.YMinorTick='on';
ax.LineWidth=.8;
ax.FontName='Cambria';
ax.FontSize=11;
ax.TickDir='out';
ax.XLabel.String='Decimals';
ax.YLabel.String='Proportion';
ax.XLabel.FontSize=13;
ax.YLabel.FontSize=13;
ax.Title.String='Area Chart of Proportion โ 500 digits';
ax.Title.FontSize=14;
% ็ปๅถๅพไพๅนถไฟฎ้ฅฐ
lgdHdl=legend(num2cell('0123456789'));
lgdHdl.NumColumns=5;
lgdHdl.FontSize=11;
lgdHdl.Location='southeast';
4 connected stacked bar chart
% ่ทๅpiๅ100ไฝๅฐๆฐ
Pi=getPi(100);
% ่ฎก็ฎๆฏไพๅๅ
Ratio=cumsum(Pi==(0:9)',2);
Ratio=Ratio./sum(Ratio);
X=Ratio(:,10:10:80)';
barHdl=bar(X,'stacked','BarWidth',.2);
CM=[231,98,84;239,138,71;247,170,88;255,208,111;255,230,183;
170,220,224;114,188,213;82,143,173;55,103,149;30,70,110]./255;
for i=1:10
barHdl(i).FaceColor=CM(i,:);
end
% ไปฅไธๆฏ็ๆ่ฟๆฅ็้จๅ
hold on;axis tight
yEndPoints=reshape([barHdl.YEndPoints]',length(barHdl(1).YData),[])';
zeros(1,length(barHdl(1).YData));
yEndPoints=[zeros(1,length(barHdl(1).YData));yEndPoints];
barWidth=barHdl(1).BarWidth;
for i=1:length(barHdl)
for j=1:length(barHdl(1).YData)-1
y1=min(yEndPoints(i,j),yEndPoints(i+1,j));
y2=max(yEndPoints(i,j),yEndPoints(i+1,j));
if y1*y2<0
ty=yEndPoints(find(yEndPoints(i+1,j)*yEndPoints(1:i,j)>=0,1,'last'),j);
y1=min(ty,yEndPoints(i+1,j));
y2=max(ty,yEndPoints(i+1,j));
end
y3=min(yEndPoints(i,j+1),yEndPoints(i+1,j+1));
y4=max(yEndPoints(i,j+1),yEndPoints(i+1,j+1));
if y3*y4<0
ty=yEndPoints(find(yEndPoints(i+1,j+1)*yEndPoints(1:i,j+1)>=0,1,'last'),j+1);
y3=min(ty,yEndPoints(i+1,j+1));
y4=max(ty,yEndPoints(i+1,j+1));
end
fill([j+.5.*barWidth,j+1-.5.*barWidth,j+1-.5.*barWidth,j+.5.*barWidth],...
[y1,y3,y4,y2],barHdl(i).FaceColor,'FaceAlpha',.4,'EdgeColor','none');
end
end
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,720,420]);
ax=gca;box off
ax.YLim=[0,1];
ax.XMinorTick='on';
ax.YMinorTick='on';
ax.LineWidth=.8;
ax.FontName='Cambria';
ax.FontSize=11;
ax.TickDir='out';
ax.XTickLabel={'10','20','30','40','50','60','70','80'};
ax.XLabel.String='Decimals';
ax.YLabel.String='Proportion';
ax.XLabel.FontSize=13;
ax.YLabel.FontSize=13;
ax.Title.String='Area Chart of Proportion โ 10-80 digits';
ax.Title.FontSize=14;
% ็ปๅถๅพไพๅนถไฟฎ้ฅฐ
lgdHdl=legend(barHdl,num2cell('0123456789'));
lgdHdl.NumColumns=5;
lgdHdl.FontSize=11;
lgdHdl.Location='southeast';
5 bichord chart
Need to use this tool:
% ๆๅปบ่ฟๆฅ็ฉ้ต
dataMat=zeros(10,10);
Pi=getPi(1001);
for i=1:1000
dataMat(Pi(i)+1,Pi(i+1)+1)=dataMat(Pi(i)+1,Pi(i+1)+1)+1;
end
BCC=biChordChart(dataMat,'Arrow','on','Label',num2cell('0123456789'));
BCC=BCC.draw();
% ๆทปๅ ๅปๅบฆ
BCC.tickState('on')
% ไฟฎๆนๅญไฝ๏ผๅญๅทๅ้ข่ฒ
BCC.setFont('FontName','Cambria','FontSize',17)
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
6 Gravity simulation diagram
Imagine each decimal as a small ball with a mass of
For example, if
, the weight of ball 0 is 1, ball 9 is 1.2589, the initial velocity of the ball is 0, and it is attracted by other balls. Gravity follows the inverse square law, and if the balls are close enough, they will collide and their value will become 
, the weight of ball 0 is 1, ball 9 is 1.2589, the initial velocity of the ball is 0, and it is attracted by other balls. Gravity follows the inverse square law, and if the balls are close enough, they will collide and their value will become After adding, take the mod, add the velocity direction proportionally, and recalculate the weight.
Pi=[3,getPi(71)];K=.18;
% ๅบ็ก้
็ฝฎ
CM=[239,32,120;239,60,52;247,98,32;255,182,60;247,235,44;
142,199,57;55,180,70;0,170,239;40,56,146;147,37,139]./255;
T=linspace(0,2*pi,length(Pi)+1)';
T=T(1:end-1);
ct=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
cx=cos(ct).*.027;
cy=sin(ct).*.027;
% ๅๅงๆฐๆฎ
Pi=Pi(:);
N=Pi;
X=cos(T);Y=sin(T);
VX=T.*0;VY=T.*0;
PX=X;PY=Y;
% ๆช็ขฐๆๆถๅๅง่ดจ้
getM=@(x)(x+1).^K;
M=getM(N);
% ็ปๅถๅๅงๅๅ
hold on
for i=1:length(N)
fill(cx+X(i),cy+Y(i),CM(N(i)+1,:),'EdgeColor','w','LineWidth',1)
end
for k=1:800
% ่ฎก็ฎๅ ้ๅบฆ
Rn2=1./squareform(pdist([X,Y])).^2;
Rn2(eye(length(X))==1)=0;
MRn2=Rn2.*(M');
AX=X'-X;AY=Y'-Y;
normXY=sqrt(AX.^2+AY.^2);
AX=AX./normXY;AX(eye(length(X))==1)=0;
AY=AY./normXY;AY(eye(length(X))==1)=0;
AX=sum(AX.*MRn2,2)./150000;
AY=sum(AY.*MRn2,2)./150000;
% ่ฎก็ฎ้ๅบฆๅๆฐไฝ็ฝฎ
VX=VX+AX;X=X+VX;PX=[PX,X];
VY=VY+AY;Y=Y+VY;PY=[PY,Y];
% ๆฃๆตๆฏๅฆๆ็ขฐๆ
R=squareform(pdist([X,Y]));
R(triu(ones(length(X)))==1)=inf;
[row,col]=find(R<=0.04);
if length(X)==1
break;
end
if ~isempty(row)
% ็ขฐๆ็็นๅไธบไธไฝ
XC=(X(row)+X(col))./2;YC=(Y(row)+Y(col))./2;
VXC=(VX(row).*M(row)+VX(col).*M(col))./(M(row)+M(col));
VYC=(VY(row).*M(row)+VY(col).*M(col))./(M(row)+M(col));
PC=nan(length(row),size(PX,2));
NC=mod(N(row)+N(col),10);
% ๅ ้ค็ขฐๆ็นๅนถ็ปๅพ
uniNum=unique([row;col]);
X(uniNum)=[];VX(uniNum)=[];
Y(uniNum)=[];VY(uniNum)=[];
for i=1:length(uniNum)
plot(PX(uniNum(i),:),PY(uniNum(i),:),'LineWidth',2,'Color',CM(N(uniNum(i))+1,:))
end
PX(uniNum,:)=[];PY(uniNum,:)=[];N(uniNum,:)=[];
% ็ปๅถๅๅฝข
for i=1:length(XC)
fill(cx+XC(i),cy+YC(i),CM(NC(i)+1,:),'EdgeColor','w','LineWidth',1)
end
% ่กฅๅ
ๅไฝ็น
X=[X;XC];Y=[Y;YC];VX=[VX;VXC];VY=[VY;VYC];
PX=[PX;PC];PY=[PY;PC];N=[N;NC];M=getM(N);
end
end
for i=1:size(PX,1)
plot(PX(i,:),PY(i,:),'LineWidth',2,'Color',CM(N(i)+1,:))
end
text(-1,1,{['Num=',num2str(length(Pi))];['K=',num2str(K)]},'FontSize',13,'FontName','Cambria')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.Position=[0,0,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.XLim=[-1.1,1.1];
ax.YLim=[-1.1,1.1];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.XColor='none';
ax.YColor='none';
7 forest chart
The method comes from
The digits of ฯ are shown as a forest. Each tree in the forest represents the digits of ฯ up to the next 9. The first 10 trees are "grown" from the digit sets 314159, 2653589, 79, 3238462643383279, 50288419, 7169, 39, 9, 3751058209, and 749.
BRANCHES
The first digit of a tree controls how many branches grow from the trunk of the tree. For example, the first tree's first digit is 3, so you see 3 branches growing from the trunk.
The next digit's branches grow from the end of a branch of the previous digit in left-to-right order. This process continues until all the tree's digits have been used up.
Each tree grows from a set of consecutive digits sampled from the digits of ฯ up to the next 9. The first tree, shown here, grows from 314159. Each of the digits determine how many branches grow at each fork in the tree โ the branches here are colored by their corresponding digit to illustrate this. Leaves encode the digits in a left-to-right order. The digit 9 spawns a flower on one of the branches of the previous digit. The branching exception is 0, which terminates the current branch โ 0 branches grow!
LEAVES AND FLOWERS
The tree's digits themselves are drawn as circular leaves, color-coded by the digit.
The leaf exception is 9, which causes one of the branches of the previous digit to sprout a flower! The petals of the flower are colored by the digit before the 9 and the center is colored by the digit after the 9, which is on the next tree. This is how the forest propagates.
The colors of a flower are determined by the first digit of the next tree and the penultimate digit of the current tree. If the current tree only has one digit, then that digit is used. Leaves are placed at the tips of branches in a left-to-right order โ you can "easily" read them off. Additionally, the leaves are distributed within the tree (without disturbing their left-to-right order) to spread them out as much as possible and avoid overlap. This order is deterministic.
The leaf placement exception are the branch set that sprouted the flower. These are not used to grow leaves โ the flower needs space!
function PiTree(X,pos,D)
lw=2;
theta=pi/2+(rand(1)-.5).*pi./12;
% ๆ ๅถๅ่ฑๆต้ข่ฒ
CM=[237,32,121;237,62,54;247,99,33;255,183,59;245,236,43;
141,196,63;57,178,74;0,171,238;40,56,145;146,39,139]./255;
hold on
if all(X(1:end-2)==0)
endSet=[pos,pos,theta];
else
kplot(pos(1)+[0,cos(theta)],pos(2)+[0,sin(theta)],lw./.6)
endSet=[pos,pos+[cos(theta),sin(theta)],theta];
% ่ฎก็ฎๅฑ็บง
Layer=0;
for i=1:length(X)
Layer=[Layer,ones(1,X(i)).*i];
end
% ่ฎก็ฎๆ ๆ
if D
for i=1:length(X)-2
if X(i)==0 % ่ฅๆฐๅผไธบ0ๅไธ้ฟๆ ๆ
newSet=endSet(1,:);
elseif X(i)==1 % ่ฅๆฐๅผไธบ1ๅไธ้ฟไธ็ญไธคไธชๆ ๆ
tTheta=endSet(1,5);
tTheta=linspace(tTheta+pi/8,tTheta-pi/8,2)'+(rand([2,1])-.5).*pi./8;
newSet=repmat(endSet(1,3:4),[X(i),1]);
newSet=[newSet.*[1;1],newSet+[cos(tTheta),sin(tTheta)].*.7^Layer(i).*[1;.1],tTheta];
else % ๅ
ถไปๆ
ๅตๆฐๅผไธบๅ ้ฟๅ ไธชๆ ๆ
tTheta=endSet(1,5);
tTheta=linspace(tTheta+pi/5,tTheta-pi/5,X(i))'+(rand([X(i),1])-.5).*pi./8;
newSet=repmat(endSet(1,3:4),[X(i),1]);
newSet=[newSet,newSet+[cos(tTheta),sin(tTheta)].*.7^Layer(i),tTheta];
end
% ็ปๅถๆ ๆ
for j=1:size(newSet,1)
kplot(newSet(j,[1,3]),newSet(j,[2,4]),lw.*.6^Layer(i))
end
endSet=[endSet;newSet];
endSet(1,:)=[];
end
end
end
% ่ฎก็ฎๅถๅญๅ่ฑๆตไฝ็ฝฎ
FLSet=endSet(:,3:4);
[~,FLInd]=sort(FLSet(:,1));
FLSet=FLSet(FLInd,:);
[~,tempInd]=sort(rand([1,size(FLSet,1)]));
tempInd=sort(tempInd(1:length(X)-2));
flowerInd=tempInd(randi([1,length(X)-2],[1,1]));
leafInd=tempInd(tempInd~=flowerInd);
% ็ปๅถๆ ๅถ
for i=1:length(leafInd)
scatter(FLSet(leafInd(i),1),FLSet(leafInd(i),2),70,'filled','CData',CM(X(i)+1,:))
end
% ็ปๅถ่ฑๆต
for i=1:5
% if ~D
% tC=CM(X(end)+1,:);
% else
% tC=CM(X(end-2)+1,:);
% end
scatter(FLSet(flowerInd,1)+cos(pi*2*i/5).*.18,FLSet(flowerInd,2)+sin(pi*2*i/5).*.18,60,...
'filled','CData',CM(X(end-2)+1,:),'MarkerEdgeColor',[1,1,1])
end
scatter(FLSet(flowerInd,1),FLSet(flowerInd,2),60,'filled','CData',CM(X(end)+1,:),'MarkerEdgeColor',[1,1,1])
drawnow;%axis tight
% =========================================================================
function kplot(XX,YY,LW,varargin)
LW=linspace(LW,LW*.6,10);%+rand(1,20).*LW./10;
XX=linspace(XX(1),XX(2),11)';
XX=[XX(1:end-1),XX(2:end)];
YY=linspace(YY(1),YY(2),11)';
YY=[YY(1:end-1),YY(2:end)];
for ii=1:10
plot(XX(ii,:),YY(ii,:),'LineWidth',LW(ii),'Color',[.1,.1,.1])
end
end
end
main part:
Pi=[3,getPi(800)];
pos9=[0,find(Pi==9)];
set(gcf,'Position',[200,50,900,900],'Color',[1,1,1]);
ax=gca;hold on
ax.Position=[0,0,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.XLim=[.5,36];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.XColor='none';
ax.YColor='none';
for j=1:8
for i=1:11
n=i+(j-1)*11;
if n<=85
tPi=Pi((pos9(n)+1):pos9(n+1)+1);
if length(tPi)>2
PiTree(tPi,[0+i*3,0-j*4],true);
else
PiTree([Pi(pos9(n)),tPi],[0+i*3,0-j*4],false);
end
end
end
end
8 random walk
n=1200;
% ่ทๅpiๅnไฝๅฐๆฐ
Pi=getPi(n);
CM=[239,65,75;230,115,48;229,158,57;232,136,85;239,199,97;
144,180,116;78,166,136;81,140,136;90,118,142;43,121,159]./255;
hold on
endPoint=[0,0];
t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
T=linspace(0,2*pi,11)+pi/2;
fill(endPoint(1)+cos(t).*.5,endPoint(2)+sin(t).*.5,CM(Pi(1)+1,:),'EdgeColor','none')
for i=1:n
theta=T(Pi(i)+1);
plot(endPoint(1)+[0,cos(theta)],endPoint(2)+[0,sin(theta)],'Color',[CM(Pi(i)+1,:),.8],'LineWidth',1.2);
endPoint=endPoint+[cos(theta),sin(theta)];
end
fill(endPoint(1)+cos(t).*.5,endPoint(2)+sin(t).*.5,CM(Pi(n)+1,:),'EdgeColor','none')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.XLim=[-30,5];
ax.YLim=[-5,40];
% ็ปๅถๅพไพ
endPoint=[1,35];
for i=1:10
theta=T(i);
plot(endPoint(1)+[0,cos(theta).*2],endPoint(2)+[0,sin(theta).*2],'Color',[CM(i,:),.8],'LineWidth',3);
text(endPoint(1)+cos(theta).*2.7,endPoint(2)+sin(theta).*2.7,num2str(i-1),'Color',[1,1,1].*.7,...
'FontSize',12,'FontWeight','bold','FontName','Cambria','HorizontalAlignment','center')
end
text(-15,35,'Random walk of \pi digits','Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',25,'FontAngle','italic')
9 grid chart
Pi=[3,getPi(399)];
% ้
่ฒๆฐๆฎ
CM=[248,65,69;246,152,36;249,198,81;67,170,139;87,118,146]./255;
% ็ปๅถๅๅ
hold on
t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
x=cos(t).*.8.*.5;
y=sin(t).*.8.*.5;
for i=1:400
[col,row]=ind2sub([20,20],i);
if mod(Pi(i),2)==0
fill(x+col,y+row,CM(round((Pi(i)+1)/2),:),'LineWidth',1,'EdgeAlpha',.8)
else
fill(x+col,y+row,[0,0,0],'EdgeColor',CM(round((Pi(i)+1)/2),:),'LineWidth',1,'EdgeAlpha',.7)
end
end
text(10.5,-.4,'\pi on a grid โ 400 digits','Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',25,'FontAngle','italic')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.YDir='reverse';
ax.XLim=[.5,20.5];
ax.YLim=[-1,20.5];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
10 scale grid diagram
Let's still put the numbers in the form of circles, but the difference is that six numbers are grouped together, and the pure purple circle at the end is the six 9s that we are familiar with decimal places 762-767
Pi=[3,getPi(767)];
% 762-767
% ้
่ฒๆฐๆฎ
CM=[239,32,120;239,60,52;247,98,32;255,182,60;247,235,44;
142,199,57;55,180,70;0,170,239;40,56,146;147,37,139]./255;
% ็ปๅถๅๅ
hold on
t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
x=cos(t).*.9.*.5;
y=sin(t).*.9.*.5;
for i=1:6:length(Pi)
n=round((i-1)/6+1);
[col,row]=ind2sub([10,13],n);
tNum=Pi(i:i+5);
numNum=find([diff(sort(tNum)),1]);
numNum=[numNum(1),diff(numNum)];
cumNum=cumsum(numNum);
uniNum=unique(tNum);
for j=length(cumNum):-1:1
fill(x./6.*cumNum(j)+col,y./6.*cumNum(j)+row,CM(uniNum(j)+1,:),'EdgeColor','none')
end
end
% ็ปๅถๅพไพ
for i=1:10
fill(x./4+5.5+(i-5.5)*.32,y./4+14.5,CM(i,:),'EdgeColor','none')
text(5.5+(i-5.5)*.32,14.9,num2str(i-1),'Color',[1,1,1],'FontSize',...
9,'FontName','Cambria','HorizontalAlignment','center')
end
text(5.5,-.2,'FEYNMAN POINT of \pi','Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',25,'FontAngle','italic')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,600,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.YDir='reverse';
ax.Position=[0,0,1,1];
ax.XLim=[.3,10.7];
ax.YLim=[-1,15.5];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
11 text chart
First, write a code to generate an image of each letter:
function getLogo
if ~exist('image','dir')
mkdir('image\')
end
logoSet=['.',char(65:90)];
for i=1:27
figure();
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-1,1];
ax.YLim=[-1,1];
ax.XColor='none';
ax.YColor='none';
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
logo=logoSet(i);
hold on
text(0,0,logo,'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',320,'FontName','Segoe UI Black')
exportgraphics(ax,['image\',logo,'.png'])
close
end
dotPic=imread('image\..png');
newDotPic=uint8(ones([400,size(dotPic,2),3]).*255);
newDotPic(end-size(dotPic,1)+1:end,:,1)=dotPic(:,:,1);
newDotPic(end-size(dotPic,1)+1:end,:,2)=dotPic(:,:,2);
newDotPic(end-size(dotPic,1)+1:end,:,3)=dotPic(:,:,3);
imwrite(newDotPic,'image\..png')
S=20;
for i=1:27
logo=logoSet(i);
tPic=imread(['image\',logo,'.png']);
sz=size(tPic,[1,2]);
sz=round(sz./sz(1).*400);
tPic=imresize(tPic,sz);
tBox=uint8(255.*ones(size(tPic,[1,2])+S));
tBox(S+1:S+size(tPic,1),S+1:S+size(tPic,2))=tPic(:,:,1);
imwrite(cat(3,tBox,tBox,tBox),['image\',logo,'.png'])
end
end
Pi=[3,-1,getPi(150)];
CM=[109,110,113;224,25,33;244,126,26;253,207,2;154,203,57;111,150,124;
121,192,235;6,109,183;190,168,209;151,118,181;233,93,163]./255;
ST={'.','ZERO','ONE','TWO','THREE','FOUR','FIVE','SIX','SEVEN','EIGHT','NINE'};
n=1;
hold on
% ๅพช็ฏ็ปๅถๅญๆฏ
for i=1:20%:10
STList='';
NMList=[];
PicListR=uint8(zeros(400,0));
PicListG=uint8(zeros(400,0));
PicListB=uint8(zeros(400,0));
% PicListA=uint8(zeros(400,0));
for j=1:6
STList=[STList,ST{Pi(n)+2}];
NMList=[NMList,ones(size(ST{Pi(n)+2})).*(Pi(n)+2)];
n=n+1;
if length(STList)>15&&length(STList)+length(ST{Pi(n)+2})>20
break;
end
end
for k=1:length(STList)
tPic=imread(['image\',STList(k),'.png']);
% PicListA=[PicListA,tPic(:,:,1)];
PicListR=[PicListR,(255-tPic(:,:,1)).*CM(NMList(k),1)];
PicListG=[PicListG,(255-tPic(:,:,2)).*CM(NMList(k),2)];
PicListB=[PicListB,(255-tPic(:,:,3)).*CM(NMList(k),3)];
end
PicList=cat(3,PicListR,PicListG,PicListB);
image([-1200,1200],[0,150]-(i-1)*150,flipud(PicList))
end
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,600,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.XLim=[-1300,1300];
ax.Position=[0,0,1,1];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.YLim=[-19*150-80,230];
12 spiral chart
Pi=getPi(600);
% ้
่ฒๅ่กจ
CM=[78,121,167;242,142,43;225,87,89;118,183,178;89,161,79;
237,201,72;176,122,161;255,157,167;156,117,95;186,176,172]./255;
% ็ปๅถๅๅ
hold on
t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
x=cos(t).*.8;
y=sin(t).*.8;
for i=1:600
X=i.*cos(i./10)./10;
Y=i.*sin(i./10)./10;
fill(X+x,Y+y,CM(Pi(i)+1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceAlpha',.9)
end
text(0,65,'The Circle of \pi','Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',25,'FontAngle','italic')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-60,60];
ax.YLim=[-60,70];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
13 Archimedean spiral diagram
a=1;b=.227;
Pi=getPi(500);
% ้
่ฒๅ่กจ
CM=[78,121,167;242,142,43;225,87,89;118,183,178;89,161,79;
237,201,72;176,122,161;255,157,167;156,117,95;186,176,172]./255;
% ็ปๅถๅๅ
hold on
T=0;R=1;
t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
x=cos(t).*.7;
y=sin(t).*.7;
for i=1:500
X=R.*cos(T);Y=R.*sin(T);
fill(X+x,Y+y,CM(Pi(i)+1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceAlpha',.9)
T=T+1./R.*1.4;
R=a+b*T;
end
text(17.25,22,{'The Archimedes spiral of \pi';'โโ 500 digits'},...
'Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','right','FontSize',25,'FontAngle','italic')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-19,18.5];
ax.YLim=[-20,25];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
14 proportional Archimedean spiral diagram
Pi=[3,getPi(1199)];
% ้
่ฒๆฐๆฎ
CM=[239,32,120;239,60,52;247,98,32;255,182,60;247,235,44;
142,199,57;55,180,70;0,170,239;40,56,146;147,37,139]./255;
% CM=slanCM(184,10);
% ็ปๅถๅๅ
hold on
T=0;R=1;
t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
x=cos(t).*.7;
y=sin(t).*.7;
for i=1:4:length(Pi)
X=R.*cos(T);Y=R.*sin(T);
tNum=Pi(i:i+3);
numNum=find([diff(sort(tNum)),1]);
numNum=[numNum(1),diff(numNum)];
cumNum=cumsum(numNum);
uniNum=unique(tNum);
for j=length(cumNum):-1:1
fill(x./4.*cumNum(j)+X,y./4.*cumNum(j)+Y,CM(uniNum(j)+1,:),'EdgeColor','none')
end
T=T+1./R.*1.4;
R=a+b*T;
end
text(14,16.5,{'The ratio of four numbers from \pi';'โโ 1200 digits'},...
'Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','right','FontSize',23,'FontAngle','italic')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-15,15.5];
ax.YLim=[-15,19];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
15 graph
% ๆๅปบ่ฟๆฅ็ฉ้ต
corrMat=zeros(10,10);
Pi=getPi(401);
for i=1:400
corrMat(Pi(i)+1,Pi(i+1)+1)=corrMat(Pi(i)+1,Pi(i+1)+1)+1;
end
% ้
่ฒๅ่กจ
colorList=[0.3725 0.2745 0.5647
0.1137 0.4118 0.5882
0.2196 0.6510 0.6471
0.0588 0.5216 0.3294
0.4510 0.6863 0.2824
0.9294 0.6784 0.0314
0.8824 0.4863 0.0196
0.8000 0.3137 0.2431
0.5804 0.2039 0.4314
0.4353 0.2510 0.4392];
t=linspace(0,2*pi,11);t=t(1:10)';
posXY=[cos(t),sin(t)];
maxWidth=max(corrMat(corrMat>0));
minWidth=min(corrMat(corrMat>0));
ttList=linspace(0,1,3)';
% ๅพช็ฏ็ปๅพ
hold on
for i=1:size(corrMat,1)
for j=i+1:size(corrMat,2)
if corrMat(i,j)>0
tW=(corrMat(i,j)-minWidth)./(maxWidth-minWidth);
colorData=(1-ttList).*colorList(i,:)+ttList.*colorList(j,:);
CData(:,:,1)=colorData(:,1);
CData(:,:,2)=colorData(:,2);
CData(:,:,3)=colorData(:,3);
% ็ปๅถ่ฟ็บฟ
fill(linspace(posXY(i,1),posXY(j,1),3),...
linspace(posXY(i,2),posXY(j,2),3),[0,0,0],'LineWidth',tW.*12+1,...
'CData',CData,'EdgeColor','interp','EdgeAlpha',.7,'FaceAlpha',.7)
end
end
% ็ปๅถๅ็น
scatter(posXY(i,1),posXY(i,2),200,'filled','LineWidth',1.2,...
'MarkerFaceColor',colorList(i,:),'MarkerEdgeColor',[.7,.7,.7]);
text(posXY(i,1).*1.13,posXY(i,2).*1.13,num2str(i-1),'Color',[1,1,1].*.7,...
'FontSize',30,'FontWeight','bold','FontName','Cambria','HorizontalAlignment','center')
end
text(0,1.3,'Numerical adjacency of \pi โ 400 digits','Color',[1,1,1],'FontName','Cambria',...
'HorizontalAlignment','center','FontSize',25,'FontAngle','italic')
% ๅพ็ชๅๅๆ ๅบๅไฟฎ้ฅฐ
set(gcf,'Position',[200,100,820,820]);
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-1.2,1.2];
ax.YLim=[-1.21,1.5];
ax.XTick=[];
ax.YTick=[];
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
16 circos chart
Need to use this tool:
Class=getPi(1001)+1;
Data=diag(ones(1,1000),-1);
className={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'};
colorOrder=[239,65,75;230,115,48;229,158,57;232,136,85;239,199,97;
144,180,116;78,166,136;81,140,136;90,118,142;43,121,159]./255;
CC=circosChart(Data,Class,'ClassName',className,'ColorOrder',colorOrder);
CC=CC.draw();
ax=gca;
ax.Color=[0,0,0];
CC.setClassLabel('Color',[1,1,1],'FontSize',25,'FontName','Cambria')
CC.setLine('LineWidth',.7)
YOU CAN GET ALL CODE HERE:
Chord diagrams are very common in Python and R, but there are no related functions in MATLAB before. It is not easy to draw chord diagrams of the same quality as R language, But I created a MATLAB tool that could almost do it.
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Here is the help document:
1 Data Format
The data requirement is a numerical matrix with all values greater than or equal to 0, or a table array, or a numerical matrix and cell array for names. First, give an example of a numerical matrix:
1.1 Numerical Matrix
dataMat=randi([0,5],[5,4]);
% ็ปๅพ(draw)
CC=chordChart(dataMat);
CC=CC.draw();
Since each object is not named, it will be automatically named Rn and Cn
1.2 Numerical Matrix and Cell Array for Names
dataMat=[2 0 1 2 5 1 2;
3 5 1 4 2 0 1;
4 0 5 5 2 4 3];
colName={'G1','G2','G3','G4','G5','G6','G7'};
rowName={'S1','S2','S3'};
CC=chordChart(dataMat,'rowName',rowName,'colName',colName);
CC=CC.draw();
RowName should be the same size as the rows of the matrix
ColName should be the same size as the columns of the matrix
For this example, if the value in the second row and third column is 1, it indicates that there is an energy flow from S2 to G3, and a chord with a width of 1 is needed between these two.
1.3 Table Array
A table array in the following format is required:
2 Decorate Chord
2.1 Batch modification of chords
Batch modification of chords can be done using the setChordProp function, and all properties of the Patch object can be modified. For example, modifying the color of the string, edge color, edge line sstyle, etc.:
CC.setChordProp('EdgeColor',[.3,.3,.3],'LineStyle','--',...
'LineWidth',.1,'FaceColor',[.3,.3,.3])
2.2 Individual Modification of Chord
The individual modification of chord can be done using the setChordMN function, where the values of m and n correspond exactly to the rows and columns of the original numerical matrix. For example, changing the color of the strings flowing from S2 to G4 to red:
CC.setChordMN(2,4,'FaceColor',[1,0,0])
2.3 Color Mapping of Chords
Just use function colormap to do so:
% version 1.7.0ๆดๆฐ
% ๅฏไฝฟ็จcolormapๅฝๆฐ็ดๆฅไฟฎๆน้ข่ฒ
% Colors can be adjusted directly using the function colormap(demo4)
colormap(flipud(pink))
3 Arc Shaped Block Decoration
3.1 Batch Decoration of Arc-Shaped Blocks
use:
- setSquareT_Prop
- setSquareF_Prop
to modify the upper and lower blocks separately, and all attributes of the Patch object can be modified. For example, batch modify the upper blocks (change to black):
CC.setSquareT_Prop('FaceColor',[0,0,0])
3.2 Arc-Shaped Blocks Individually Decoration
use:
- setSquareT_N
- setSquareF_N
to modify the upper and lower blocks separately. For example, modify the second block above separately (changed to red):
CC.setSquareT_N(2,'FaceColor',[.8,0,0])
4 Font Adjustment
Use the setFont function to adjust the font, and all properties of the text object can be modified. For example, changing the font size, font, and color of the text:
CC.setFont('FontSize',25,'FontName','Cambria','Color',[0,0,.8])
5 Show and Hide Ticks
Usage:
CC.tickState('on')
% CC.tickState('off')
6 Attribute 'Sep' with Adjustable Square Spacing
If the matrix size is large, the drawing will be out of scale:
dataMat=randi([0,1],[20,10]);
CC=chordChart(dataMat);
CC=CC.draw();
% CC.tickState('on')
We can modify its Sep attribute:
dataMat=randi([0,1],[20,10]);
% use Sep to decrease space (separation)
% ไฝฟ็จ sep ๅๅฐ็ฉบ้
CC=chordChart(dataMat,'Sep',1/120);
CC=CC.draw();
7 Modify Text Direction
dataMat=randi([0,1],[20,10]);
% use Sep to decrease space (separation)
% ไฝฟ็จ sep ๅๅฐ็ฉบ้
CC=chordChart(dataMat,'Sep',1/120);
CC=CC.draw();
CC.tickState('on')
% version 1.7.0ๆดๆฐ
% ๅฝๆฐlabelRatato็จๆฅๆ่ฝฌๆ ็ญพ
% The function labelRatato is used to rotate the label
CC.labelRotate('on')
8 Add Tick Labels
dataMat=[2 0 1 2 5 1 2;
3 5 1 4 2 0 1;
4 0 5 5 2 4 3];
colName={'G1','G2','G3','G4','G5','G6','G7'};
rowName={'S1','S2','S3'};
CC=chordChart(dataMat,'rowName',rowName,'colName',colName);
CC=CC.draw();
CC.setFont('FontSize',17,'FontName','Cambria')
% ๆพ็คบๅปๅบฆๅๆฐๅผ
% Displays scales and numeric values
CC.tickState('on')
CC.tickLabelState('on')
% ่ฐ่ๆ ็ญพๅๅพ
% Adjustable Label radius
CC.setLabelRadius(1.3);
% figure()
% dataMat=[2 0 1 2 5 1 2;
% 3 5 1 4 2 0 1;
% 4 0 5 5 2 4 3];
% dataMat=dataMat+rand(3,7);
% dataMat(dataMat<1)=0;
%
% CC=chordChart(dataMat,'rowName',rowName,'colName',colName);
% CC=CC.draw();
% CC.setFont('FontSize',17,'FontName','Cambria')
%
% % ๆพ็คบๅปๅบฆๅๆฐๅผ
% % Displays scales and numeric values
% CC.tickState('on')
% CC.tickLabelState('on')
%
% % ่ฐ่ๆ ็ญพๅๅพ
% % Adjustable Label radius
% CC.setLabelRadius(1.4);
9 Custom Tick Label Format
A function handle is required to input numeric output strings. The format can be set through the setTickLabelFormat function, such as Scientific notation:
dataMat=[2 0 1 2 5 1 2;
3 5 1 4 2 0 1;
4 0 5 5 2 4 3];
dataMat=dataMat+rand(3,7);
dataMat(dataMat<1)=0;
dataMat=dataMat.*1000;
CC=chordChart(dataMat);
CC=CC.draw();
CC.setFont('FontSize',17,'FontName','Cambria')
% ๆพ็คบๅปๅบฆๅๆฐๅผ
% Displays scales and numeric values
CC.tickState('on')
CC.tickLabelState('on')
% ่ฐ่ๆ ็ญพๅๅพ
% Adjustable Label radius
CC.setLabelRadius(1.4);
% ่ฐๆดๆฐๅผๅญ็ฌฆไธฒๆ ผๅผ
% Adjust numeric string format
CC.setTickLabelFormat(@(x)sprintf('%0.1e',x))
10 A Demo
rng(2)
dataMat=randi([1,7],[11,5]);
colName={'Fly','Beetle','Leaf','Soil','Waxberry'};
rowName={'Bartomella','Bradyrhizobium','Dysgomonas','Enterococcus',...
'Lactococcus','norank','others','Pseudomonas','uncultured',...
'Vibrionimonas','Wolbachia'};
CC=chordChart(dataMat,'rowName',rowName,'colName',colName,'Sep',1/80);
CC=CC.draw();
% ไฟฎๆนไธๆนๆนๅ้ข่ฒ(Modify the color of the blocks above)
CListT=[0.7765 0.8118 0.5216;0.4431 0.4706 0.3843;0.5804 0.2275 0.4549;
0.4471 0.4039 0.6745;0.0157 0 0 ];
for i=1:5
CC.setSquareT_N(i,'FaceColor',CListT(i,:))
end
% ไฟฎๆนไธๆนๆนๅ้ข่ฒ(Modify the color of the blocks below)
CListF=[0.5843 0.6863 0.7843;0.1098 0.1647 0.3255;0.0902 0.1608 0.5373;
0.6314 0.7961 0.2118;0.0392 0.2078 0.1059;0.0157 0 0 ;
0.8549 0.9294 0.8745;0.3882 0.3255 0.4078;0.5020 0.7216 0.3843;
0.0902 0.1843 0.1804;0.8196 0.2314 0.0706];
for i=1:11
CC.setSquareF_N(i,'FaceColor',CListF(i,:))
end
% ไฟฎๆนๅผฆ้ข่ฒ(Modify chord color)
for i=1:5
for j=1:11
CC.setChordMN(j,i,'FaceColor',CListT(i,:),'FaceAlpha',.5)
end
end
CC.tickState('on')
CC.labelRotate('on')
CC.setFont('FontSize',17,'FontName','Cambria')
Hope to have your Reviews and Stars!!!
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Most of my projects are the tension between what exists and what I must create to make the project work. The more I leverage what exists, the faster I can complete my project in a shorter amount of time. I often find out later in the process that a MATLAB function already exists and has existed for 10 releases. The faster that I discover built-in functions, the faster I can get to the new stuff that I have to invent.
I asked the AI Chat Playground why to use MATLAB's builtin functions and I got some interesting ideas. What are your thoughts?
AI Chat Playground:
- Efficiency and Performance: MATLAB's built-in functions are highly optimized for performance. They are written in optimized and compiled languages like C or C++, which means they run faster than equivalent functions written directly in MATLAB language. When you use these functions, your code can execute more efficiently, which is especially beneficial for handling large datasets or complex mathematical computations.
- Reliability and Stability: Built-in functions have been rigorously tested and debugged by the developers at MathWorks (the company behind MATLAB). They are less likely to contain errors compared to custom-written code, which means you can rely on them to produce accurate and consistent results.
- Ease of Use: Built-in functions are designed to be user-friendly, with clear documentation and support materials available. This can make it easier to perform complex operations without needing a deep understanding of the underlying algorithms. It also reduces the amount of code you need to write and debug, saving time and reducing the potential for errors.
- Compatibility: Built-in functions are updated alongside MATLAB itself, ensuring compatibility with new features and versions of the software. Using built-in functions can help ensure that your code continues to work correctly as MATLAB evolves.
- Advanced Features: MATLABโs built-in functions often include advanced features and options that are not readily available or would be difficult to implement on your own. For example, MATLABโs mathematical functions can handle a wide range of special cases and data types, providing more flexibility than custom implementations.
- Community and Support: Using built-in functions means you're working with standard tools recognized by the MATLAB community. This can make it easier to get help from other users or from MathWorks support, as more people will be familiar with the functionality and potential issues of these functions.
Given a vector v whose order we would like to randomly permute, many would perform the permutation by explicitly querying the length/size of v, e.g.,
I=randperm(numel(v));
v=v(I);
However, one can instead do as follows, avoiding the size query.
v=v(randperm(end))
Analogous things can be done with matrices, e.g.,
A=A(randperm(end), randperm(end));
The creativity comes from the copper sulfate crystal heart made in junior high school. Copper sulfate is a triclinic crystal, and the same structure was not used here for convenience in drawing.
Part 1. Coordinate transformation
To draw a crystal heart, one must first be able to draw crystal clusters. To draw a crystal cluster, one must first be able to draw a crystal. To draw a crystal, we need this kind of structure:
We first need a point with a certain distance from the straight line and a perpendicular point of cutPnt, which is very easy to find, for example, cutPnt=[x0, y0, z0]; The direction of the central axis is V=[x1, y1, z1]; If the distance to the straight line is L, the following points clearly meet the conditions:
v2=[z1,z1,-x1-y1];
v2=v2./norm(v2).*L;
pnt=cutPnt+v2;
But finding only one point is not enough. We need to find four points, and each point is obtained by rotating the previous point around a straight line by 
degrees. Therefore, we need to obtain our point rotation transformation matrix around a straight line
degrees. Therefore, we need to obtain our point rotation transformation matrix around a straight line
quite complex,right?
rotateMat=[u^2+(v^2+w^2)*cos(theta) , u*v*(1-cos(theta))-w*sin(theta), u*w*(1-cos(theta))+v*sin(theta), (a*(v^2+w^2)-u*(b*v+c*w))*(1-cos(theta))+(b*w-c*v)*sin(theta);
u*v*(1-cos(theta))+w*sin(theta), v^2+(u^2+w^2)*cos(theta) , v*w*(1-cos(theta))-u*sin(theta), (b*(u^2+w^2)-v*(a*u+c*w))*(1-cos(theta))+(c*u-a*w)*sin(theta);
u*w*(1-cos(theta))-v*sin(theta), v*w*(1-cos(theta))+u*sin(theta), w^2+(u^2+v^2)*cos(theta) , (c*(u^2+v^2)-w*(a*u+b*v))*(1-cos(theta))+(a*v-b*u)*sin(theta);
0 , 0 , 0 , 1];
Where [u, v, w] is the directional unit vector, and [a, b, c] is the initial coordinate of the axis:
Part 2. Crystal Cluster Drawing
function crystall
hold on
for i=1:50
len=rand(1)*8+5;
tempV=rand(1,3)-0.5;
tempV(3)=abs(tempV(3));
tempV=tempV./norm(tempV).*len;
tempEpnt=tempV;
drawCrystal([0 0 0],tempEpnt,pi/6,0.8,0.1,rand(1).*0.2+0.2)
disp(i)
end
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-15,15];
ax.YLim=[-15,15];
ax.ZLim=[-2,15];
grid on
ax.GridLineStyle='--';
ax.LineWidth=1.2;
ax.XColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.YColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.ZColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatioMode='manual';
ax.CameraPosition=[-67.6287 -204.5276 82.7879];
function drawCrystal(Spnt,Epnt,theta,cl,w,alpha)
%plot3([Spnt(1),Epnt(1)],[Spnt(2),Epnt(2)],[Spnt(3),Epnt(3)])
mainV=Epnt-Spnt;
cutPnt=cl.*(mainV)+Spnt;
cutV=[mainV(3),mainV(3),-mainV(1)-mainV(2)];
cutV=cutV./norm(cutV).*w.*norm(mainV);
cornerPnt=cutPnt+cutV;
cornerPnt=rotateAxis(Spnt,Epnt,cornerPnt,theta);
cornerPntSet(1,:)=cornerPnt';
for ii=1:3
cornerPnt=rotateAxis(Spnt,Epnt,cornerPnt,pi/2);
cornerPntSet(ii+1,:)=cornerPnt';
end
F = [1,3,4;1,4,5;1,5,6;1,6,3;...
2,3,4;2,4,5;2,5,6;2,6,3];
V = [Spnt;Epnt;cornerPntSet];
patch('Faces',F,'Vertices',V,'FaceColor',[0 71 177]./255,...
'FaceAlpha',alpha,'EdgeColor',[0 71 177]./255.*0.8,...
'EdgeAlpha',0.6,'LineWidth',0.5,'EdgeLighting',...
'gouraud','SpecularStrength',0.3)
end
function newPnt=rotateAxis(Spnt,Epnt,cornerPnt,theta)
V=Epnt-Spnt;V=V./norm(V);
u=V(1);v=V(2);w=V(3);
a=Spnt(1);b=Spnt(2);c=Spnt(3);
cornerPnt=[cornerPnt(:);1];
rotateMat=[u^2+(v^2+w^2)*cos(theta) , u*v*(1-cos(theta))-w*sin(theta), u*w*(1-cos(theta))+v*sin(theta), (a*(v^2+w^2)-u*(b*v+c*w))*(1-cos(theta))+(b*w-c*v)*sin(theta);
u*v*(1-cos(theta))+w*sin(theta), v^2+(u^2+w^2)*cos(theta) , v*w*(1-cos(theta))-u*sin(theta), (b*(u^2+w^2)-v*(a*u+c*w))*(1-cos(theta))+(c*u-a*w)*sin(theta);
u*w*(1-cos(theta))-v*sin(theta), v*w*(1-cos(theta))+u*sin(theta), w^2+(u^2+v^2)*cos(theta) , (c*(u^2+v^2)-w*(a*u+b*v))*(1-cos(theta))+(a*v-b*u)*sin(theta);
0 , 0 , 0 , 1];
newPnt=rotateMat*cornerPnt;
newPnt(4)=[];
end
end
Part 3. Drawing of Crystal Heart
function crystalHeart
clc;clear;close all
hold on
% drawCrystal([1,1,1],[3,3,3],pi/6,0.8,0.14)
sep=pi/8;
t=[0:0.2:sep,sep:0.02:pi-sep,pi-sep:0.2:pi+sep,pi+sep:0.02:2*pi-sep,2*pi-sep:0.2:2*pi];
x=16*sin(t).^3;
y=13*cos(t)-5*cos(2*t)-2*cos(3*t)-cos(4*t);
z=zeros(size(t));
plot3(x,y,z,'Color',[186,110,64]./255,'LineWidth',1)
for i=1:length(t)
for j=1:6
len=rand(1)*2.5+1.5;
tempV=rand(1,3)-0.5;
tempV=tempV./norm(tempV).*len;
tempSpnt=[x(i),y(i),z(i)];
tempEpnt=tempV+tempSpnt;
drawCrystal(tempSpnt,tempEpnt,pi/6,0.8,0.14)
disp([i,j])
end
end
ax=gca;
ax.XLim=[-22,22];
ax.YLim=[-20,20];
ax.ZLim=[-10,10];
grid on
ax.GridLineStyle='--';
ax.LineWidth=1.2;
ax.XColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.YColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.ZColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatioMode='manual';
function drawCrystal(Spnt,Epnt,theta,cl,w)
%plot3([Spnt(1),Epnt(1)],[Spnt(2),Epnt(2)],[Spnt(3),Epnt(3)])
mainV=Epnt-Spnt;
cutPnt=cl.*(mainV)+Spnt;
cutV=[mainV(3),mainV(3),-mainV(1)-mainV(2)];
cutV=cutV./norm(cutV).*w.*norm(mainV);
cornerPnt=cutPnt+cutV;
cornerPnt=rotateAxis(Spnt,Epnt,cornerPnt,theta);
cornerPntSet(1,:)=cornerPnt';
for ii=1:3
cornerPnt=rotateAxis(Spnt,Epnt,cornerPnt,pi/2);
cornerPntSet(ii+1,:)=cornerPnt';
end
F = [1,3,4;1,4,5;1,5,6;1,6,3;...
2,3,4;2,4,5;2,5,6;2,6,3];
V = [Spnt;Epnt;cornerPntSet];
patch('Faces',F,'Vertices',V,'FaceColor',[0 71 177]./255,...
'FaceAlpha',0.2,'EdgeColor',[0 71 177]./255.*0.9,...
'EdgeAlpha',0.25,'LineWidth',0.01,'EdgeLighting',...
'gouraud','SpecularStrength',0.3)
end
function newPnt=rotateAxis(Spnt,Epnt,cornerPnt,theta)
V=Epnt-Spnt;V=V./norm(V);
u=V(1);v=V(2);w=V(3);
a=Spnt(1);b=Spnt(2);c=Spnt(3);
cornerPnt=[cornerPnt(:);1];
rotateMat=[u^2+(v^2+w^2)*cos(theta) , u*v*(1-cos(theta))-w*sin(theta), u*w*(1-cos(theta))+v*sin(theta), (a*(v^2+w^2)-u*(b*v+c*w))*(1-cos(theta))+(b*w-c*v)*sin(theta);
u*v*(1-cos(theta))+w*sin(theta), v^2+(u^2+w^2)*cos(theta) , v*w*(1-cos(theta))-u*sin(theta), (b*(u^2+w^2)-v*(a*u+c*w))*(1-cos(theta))+(c*u-a*w)*sin(theta);
u*w*(1-cos(theta))-v*sin(theta), v*w*(1-cos(theta))+u*sin(theta), w^2+(u^2+v^2)*cos(theta) , (c*(u^2+v^2)-w*(a*u+b*v))*(1-cos(theta))+(a*v-b*u)*sin(theta);
0 , 0 , 0 , 1];
newPnt=rotateMat*cornerPnt;
newPnt(4)=[];
end
end
So, how to draw a roseball just like this ?
To begin with, we need to know how to draw a single rose in MATLAB:
function drawrose
set(gca,'CameraPosition',[2 2 2])
hold on
grid on
[x,t]=meshgrid((0:24)./24,(0:0.5:575)./575.*20.*pi+4*pi);
p=(pi/2)*exp(-t./(8*pi));
change=sin(15*t)/150;
u=1-(1-mod(3.6*t,2*pi)./pi).^4./2+change;
y=2*(x.^2-x).^2.*sin(p);
r=u.*(x.*sin(p)+y.*cos(p));
h=u.*(x.*cos(p)-y.*sin(p));
surface(r.*cos(t),r.*sin(t),h,'EdgeAlpha',0.1,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp')
end
Tts pretty easy, Now we are trying to dye it the desired color:
function drawrose
set(gca,'CameraPosition',[2 2 2])
hold on
grid on
[x,t]=meshgrid((0:24)./24,(0:0.5:575)./575.*20.*pi+4*pi);
p=(pi/2)*exp(-t./(8*pi));
change=sin(15*t)/150;
u=1-(1-mod(3.6*t,2*pi)./pi).^4./2+change;
y=2*(x.^2-x).^2.*sin(p);
r=u.*(x.*sin(p)+y.*cos(p));
h=u.*(x.*cos(p)-y.*sin(p));
map=[0.9176 0.9412 1.0000
0.8353 0.8706 0.9922
0.8196 0.8627 0.9804
0.7020 0.7569 0.9412
0.5176 0.5882 0.9255
0.3686 0.4824 0.9412
0.3059 0.4000 0.9333
0.2275 0.3176 0.8353
0.1216 0.2275 0.6471];
Xi=1:size(map,1);Xq=linspace(1,size(map,1),100);
map=[interp1(Xi,map(:,1),Xq,'linear')',...
interp1(Xi,map(:,2),Xq,'linear')',...
interp1(Xi,map(:,3),Xq,'linear')'];
surface(r.*cos(t),r.*sin(t),h,'EdgeAlpha',0.1,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp')
colormap(map)
end
I try to take colors from real roses and interpolate them to make them more realistic
Then, how can I put these colorful flowers on to a ball ?
We need to place the drawn flowers on each face of the polyhedron sphere through coordinate transformation. Here, we use a regular dodecahedron:
Move the flower using the following rotation formula:
We place a flower on each plane, which means that the angle between every two flowers is 
degrees. We can place each flower at the appropriate angle through multiple x-axis rotations and multiple z-axis rotations. The code is as follows:
degrees. We can place each flower at the appropriate angle through multiple x-axis rotations and multiple z-axis rotations. The code is as follows:function roseBall(colorList)
%ๆฒ้ขๆฐๆฎ่ฎก็ฎ
%==========================================================================
[x,t]=meshgrid((0:24)./24,(0:0.5:575)./575.*20.*pi+4*pi);
p=(pi/2)*exp(-t./(8*pi));
change=sin(15*t)/150;
u=1-(1-mod(3.6*t,2*pi)./pi).^4./2+change;
y=2*(x.^2-x).^2.*sin(p);
r=u.*(x.*sin(p)+y.*cos(p));
h=u.*(x.*cos(p)-y.*sin(p));
%้ข่ฒๆ ๅฐ่กจ
%==========================================================================
hMap=(h-min(min(h)))./(max(max(h))-min(min(h)));
col=size(hMap,2);
if nargin<1
colorList=[0.0200 0.0400 0.3900
0 0.0900 0.5800
0 0.1300 0.6400
0.0200 0.0600 0.6900
0 0.0800 0.7900
0.0100 0.1800 0.8500
0 0.1300 0.9600
0.0100 0.2600 0.9900
0 0.3500 0.9900
0.0700 0.6200 1.0000
0.1700 0.6900 1.0000];
end
colorFunc=colorFuncFactory(colorList);
dataMap=colorFunc(hMap');
colorMap(:,:,1)=dataMap(:,1:col);
colorMap(:,:,2)=dataMap(:,col+1:2*col);
colorMap(:,:,3)=dataMap(:,2*col+1:3*col);
function colorFunc=colorFuncFactory(colorList)
xx=(0:size(colorList,1)-1)./(size(colorList,1)-1);
y1=colorList(:,1);y2=colorList(:,2);y3=colorList(:,3);
colorFunc=@(X)[interp1(xx,y1,X,'linear')',interp1(xx,y2,X,'linear')',interp1(xx,y3,X,'linear')'];
end
%ๆฒ้ขๆ่ฝฌๅ็ปๅถ
%==========================================================================
surface(r.*cos(t),r.*sin(t),h+0.35,'EdgeAlpha',0.05,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp','CData',colorMap)
hold on
surface(r.*cos(t),r.*sin(t),-h-0.35,'EdgeAlpha',0.05,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp','CData',colorMap)
Xset=r.*cos(t);
Yset=r.*sin(t);
Zset=h+0.35;
yaw_z=72*pi/180;
roll_x=pi-acos(-1/sqrt(5));
R_z_2=[cos(yaw_z),-sin(yaw_z),0;
sin(yaw_z),cos(yaw_z),0;
0,0,1];
R_z_1=[cos(yaw_z/2),-sin(yaw_z/2),0;
sin(yaw_z/2),cos(yaw_z/2),0;
0,0,1];
R_x_2=[1,0,0;
0,cos(roll_x),-sin(roll_x);
0,sin(roll_x),cos(roll_x)];
[nX,nY,nZ]=rotateXYZ(Xset,Yset,Zset,R_x_2);
surface(nX,nY,nZ,'EdgeAlpha',0.05,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp','CData',colorMap)
for k=1:4
[nX,nY,nZ]=rotateXYZ(nX,nY,nZ,R_z_2);
surface(nX,nY,nZ,'EdgeAlpha',0.05,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp','CData',colorMap)
end
[nX,nY,nZ]=rotateXYZ(nX,nY,nZ,R_z_1);
for k=1:5
[nX,nY,nZ]=rotateXYZ(nX,nY,nZ,R_z_2);
surface(nX,nY,-nZ,'EdgeAlpha',0.05,...
'EdgeColor',[0 0 0],'FaceColor','interp','CData',colorMap)
end
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [nX,nY,nZ]=rotateXYZ(X,Y,Z,R)
nX=zeros(size(X));
nY=zeros(size(Y));
nZ=zeros(size(Z));
for i=1:size(X,1)
for j=1:size(X,2)
v=[X(i,j);Y(i,j);Z(i,j)];
nv=R*v;
nX(i,j)=nv(1);
nY(i,j)=nv(2);
nZ(i,j)=nv(3);
end
end
end
%axesๅฑๆง่ฐๆด
%==========================================================================
ax=gca;
grid on
ax.GridLineStyle='--';
ax.LineWidth=1.2;
ax.XColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.YColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.ZColor=[1,1,1].*0.4;
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatioMode='manual';
ax.CameraPosition=[-6.5914 -24.1625 -0.0384];
end
TRY DIFFERENT COLORS !!
colorList1=[0.2000 0.0800 0.4300
0.2000 0.1300 0.4600
0.2000 0.2100 0.5000
0.2000 0.2800 0.5300
0.2000 0.3700 0.5800
0.1900 0.4500 0.6200
0.2000 0.4800 0.6400
0.1900 0.5400 0.6700
0.1900 0.5700 0.6900
0.1900 0.7500 0.7800
0.1900 0.8000 0.8100
];
colorList2=[0.1300 0.1000 0.1600
0.2000 0.0900 0.2000
0.2800 0.0800 0.2300
0.4200 0.0800 0.3000
0.5100 0.0700 0.3400
0.6600 0.1200 0.3500
0.7900 0.2200 0.4000
0.8800 0.3500 0.4700
0.9000 0.4500 0.5400
0.8900 0.7800 0.7900
];
colorList3=[0.3200 0.3100 0.7600
0.3800 0.3400 0.7600
0.5300 0.4200 0.7500
0.6400 0.4900 0.7300
0.7200 0.5500 0.7200
0.7900 0.6100 0.7100
0.9100 0.7100 0.6800
0.9800 0.7600 0.6700
];
colorList4=[0.2100 0.0900 0.3800
0.2900 0.0700 0.4700
0.4000 0.1100 0.4900
0.5500 0.1600 0.5100
0.7500 0.2400 0.4700
0.8900 0.3200 0.4100
0.9700 0.4900 0.3700
1.0000 0.5600 0.4100
1.0000 0.6900 0.4900
1.0000 0.8200 0.5900
0.9900 0.9200 0.6700
0.9800 0.9500 0.7100];
Let us consider how to draw a Happy Sheep. A Happy Sheep was introduced in the MATLAB Mini Hack contest: Happy Sheep!
In this contest there was the strict limitation on the code length. So the code of the Happy Sheep is very compact and is only 280 characters long. We will analyze the process of drawing the Happy Sheep in MATLAB step by step. The explanations of the even more compact version of the code of the same sheep are given below.
So, how to draw a sheep? It is very easy. We could notice that usually a sheep is covered by crimped wool. Therefore, a sheep could be painted using several geometrical curves of similar types. Of course, then it will be an abstract model of the real sheep. Let us select two mathematical curves, which are the most appropriate for our goal. They are an ellipse for smooth parts of the sheep and an ellipse combined with a rose for woolen parts of the sheep.
Let us recall the mathematical formulas of these curves. A parametric representation of the standard ellipse is the following:
Also we will use the following parametric representation of the rose (rhodonea) curve:
This curve was named by the mathematician Guido Grandi.
Let us combine them in one curve and add possible shifts:
Now if we would like to create an ellipse, we will set 
and 
. If we would like to create a rose, we will set 
and 
. If we would like to shift our curve, we will set 
and 
to the required values. Of course, we could set all non-zero parameters to combine both chosen curves and use the shifts.
and . If we would like to create a rose, we will set and . If we would like to shift our curve, we will set and to the required values. Of course, we could set all non-zero parameters to combine both chosen curves and use the shifts.Let us describe how to create these curves using the MATLAB code. To make the code more compact, it is possible to program both formulas for the combined curve in one line using the anonymous function. We could make the code more compact using the function handles for sine and cosine functions. Then the MATLAB code for an example of the ellipse curve will be the following.
% Handles
s=@sin;
c=@cos;
% Ellipse + Polar Rose
F=@(t,a,f) a(1)*f(t)+s(a(2)*t).*f(t)+a(3);
% Angles
t=0:.1:7;
% Parameters
E = [5 7;0 0;0 0];
% Painting
figure;
plot(F(t,E(:,1),c),F(t,E(:,2),s),'LineWidth',10);
axis equal
The parameter t varies from 0 to 7, which is the nearest integer greater than 
, with the step 0.1. The result of this code is the following ellipse curve with 
and 
.
, with the step 0.1. The result of this code is the following ellipse curve with and .
This ellipse is described by the following parametric equations:
The MATLAB code for an example of the rose curve will be the following.
% Handles
s=@sin;
c=@cos;
% Ellipse + Polar Rose
F=@(t,a,f) a(1)*f(t)+s(a(2)*t).*f(t)+a(3);
% Angles
t=0:.1:7;
% Parameters
R = [0 0;4 4;0 0];
% Painting
figure;
plot(F(t,R(:,1),c),F(t,R(:,2),s),'LineWidth',10);
axis equal
The result of this code is the following rose curve with 
and 
.
and .
This rose is described by the following parametric equations:
Obviously, now we are ready to draw main parts of our sheep! As we reproduce an abstract model of the sheep, let us select the following main parts for the representation: head, eyes, hoofs, body, crown, and tail. We will use ellipses for the first three parts in this list and ellipses combined with roses for the last three ones.
First let us describe drawing of each part independently.
The following MATLAB code will be used to do this.
% Handles
s=@sin;
c=@cos;
% Ellipse + Polar Rose
F=@(t,a,f) a(1)*f(t)+s(a(2)*t).*f(t)+a(3);
% Angles
t=0:.1:7;
% Parameters
Head = 1;
Eyes = 2:3;
Hoofs = 4:7;
Body = 8;
Crown = 9;
Tail = 10;
G=-13;
P=[5 7 repmat([.1 .5],1,6) 6 4 14 9 3 3;zeros(1,14) 8 8 12 12 4 4;...
-15 2 G 3 -17 3 -3 G 0 G 9 G 12 G -15 12 4 3 20 7];
% Painting
figure;
hold;
for i=Head
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
axis([-25 25 -15 20]);
figure;
hold;
for i=Eyes
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
axis([-25 25 -15 20]);
figure;
hold;
for i=Hoofs
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
axis([-25 25 -15 20]);
figure;
hold;
for i=Body
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
axis([-25 25 -15 20]);
figure;
hold;
for i=Crown
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
axis([-25 25 -15 20]);
figure;
hold;
for i=Tail
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
axis([-25 25 -15 20]);
The parameters 
, 
, 
, 
, 
, and 
are written in the different submatrices of the matrix P. The code generates the following curves to illustrate the different parts of our sheep.
, , , , , and are written in the different submatrices of the matrix P. The code generates the following curves to illustrate the different parts of our sheep.The following ellipse describes the head of the sheep.
The following submatrix of the matrix P represents its parameters.
The parametric equations of the head are the following:
The following ellipses describe the eyes of the sheep.
The following submatrices of the matrix P represent their parameters.
The parametric equations of the left and right eyes correspondingly are the following:
The following ellipses describe the hoofs of the sheep.
The following submatrices of the matrix P represent their parameters.
The parametric equations of the right front, left front, right hind, and left hind hoofs correspondingly are the following:
The following ellipse combined with the rose describes the crown of the sheep.
The following submatrix of the matrix P represents its parameters.
The parametric equations of the crown are the following:
The following ellipse combined with the rose describes the body of the sheep.
The following submatrix of the matrix P represents its parameters.
The parametric equations of the body are the following:
The following ellipse combined with the rose describes the tail of the sheep.
The following submatrix of the matrix P represents its parameters.
The parametric equations of the tail are the following:
Now all the parts of our sheep should be put together! It is very easy because all the parts are described by the same equations with different parameters.
The following code helps us to accomplish this goal and ultimately draw a Happy Sheep in MATLAB!
% Happy Sheep!
% By Victoria A. Sablina
% Handles
s=@sin;
c=@cos;
% Ellipse + Rose
F=@(t,a,f) a(1)*f(t)+s(a(2)*t).*f(t)+a(3);
% Angles
t=0:.1:7;
% Parameters
% Head (1:2)
% Eyes (3:6)
% Hoofs (7:14)
% Crown (15:16)
% Body (17:18)
% Tail (19:20)
G=-13;
P=[5 7 repmat([.1 .5],1,6) 6 4 14 9 3 3;zeros(1,14) 8 8 12 12 4 4;...
-15 2 G 3 -17 3 -3 G 0 G 9 G 12 G -15 12 4 3 20 7];
% Painting
hold;
for i=1:10
plot(F(t,P(:,2*i-1),c),F(t,P(:,2*i),s),'LineWidth',10);
end
This code is even more compact than the original code from the contest. It is only 253 instead of 280 characters long and generates the same Happy Sheep!
Our sheep is happy, because of becoming famous in the MATLAB community, a star!
Congratulations! Now you know how to draw a Happy Sheep in MATLAB!
Thank you for reading!
Several of the colormaps are great for a 256 color surface plot, but aren't well optimized for extracting m colors for plotting several independent lines. The issue is that many colormaps have start/end colors that are too similar or are suboptimal colors for lines. There are certainly many workarounds for this, but it would be a great quality of life to adjust that directly when calling this.
Example:
x = linspace(0,2*pi,101)';
y = [1:6].*cos(x);
figure; plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2); grid on; axis tight;
And now if I wanted to color these lines, I could use something like turbo(6) or gray(6) and then apply it using colororder.
colororder(turbo(6))
But my issue is that the ends of the colormap are too similar. For other colormaps, you may get lines that are too light to be visible against the white background. There are plenty of workarounds, with my preference being to create extra colors and truncate that before using colororder.
cmap = turbo(8); cmap = cmap(2:end-1,:); % Truncate the end colors
figure; plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2); grid on; axis tight;
colororder(cmap)
I think it would be really awesome to add some name-argument input pair to these colormaps that can specify the range you want so this could even be done inside the colororder calling if desired. An example of my proposed solution would look something like this:
cmap = turbo(6,'Range',[0.1 0.8]); % Proposed idea to add functionality
Where in this scenario, the resulting colormap would be 6 equally spaced colors that range from 10% to 80% of the total color range. This would be especially nice because you could more quickly modify the range of colors, or you could set the limits regardless of whether you need to plot 3, 6, or 20 lines.
MATLAB O/X Quiz
Answer BEFORE Googling!
- An infinite loop can be made using "for".
- "A == A" is always true.
- "round(2.5)" is 3.
- "round(-0.5)" is 0.
MATLAB Support Package for Quantum Computing lets you build, simulate, and run quantum algorithms.
Check out the Cheat Sheet here!
2 x 2 ํ๋ ฌ์ ํ๋ ฌ์์
- ํ๋ ฌ์ ๋ row ๋ฒกํฐ๋ก ์ ์๋๋ ํํ์ฌ๋ณํ์ ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋๋ค.
- ๋ฌผ๋ก ๋ column ๋ฒกํฐ๋ก ์ ์๋๋ ํํ์ฌ๋ณํ์ ๋ฉด์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํฉ๋๋ค.
- ์ข ๋ ์ ํํ๋ signed area์ ๋๋ค. ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์์๊ฐ ๋ ์๋ ์๋ค๋ ๋ป์ด์ฃ .
- ํ๋ ฌ์ ๋ ํ(๋๋ ๋ ์ด)์ ๋ง๋ฐ๊พธ๋ฉด ํ๋ ฌ์์ ๋ถํธ๋ ๋ฐ๋๊ณ ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ถํธ๋ ๋ฐ๋์ด์ผํฉ๋๋ค.
์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก n x n ํ๋ ฌ์ ํ๋ ฌ์์
- ๊ฐ row ๋ฒกํฐ(๋๋ ๊ฐ column ๋ฒกํฐ)๋ก ์ ์๋๋ N์ฐจ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ํํ๋ฉด์ฒด(?)์ signed area์ ๋๋ค.
- ์ ๋๋ก ์ดํดํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋์ํ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ผ ํ๋๋ฐ ์์ธํ ์ค๋ช ์ ์๋ตํฉ๋๋ค.(=์ ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๋ ๋ป)
- ๋ ์์ธํ ์๊ณ ์ถ์ผ์๋ฉด ์ํํ๋ ๋งํ์ '๋์ด ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ' ํธ์ ์ถ์ฒํฉ๋๋ค.
- ์ํ์ ์ธ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์๊ณ ์ถ์ผ์๋ฉด ์ํคํผ๋์๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ฒผ์ต๋๋ค. ์ข ๋ฌด์ญ์ต๋๋ค.
์๋ ์ฝ๋๋...
- 2 x 2 ํ๋ ฌ์ ๋ํด์ ์ด๊ฒ์ ์์ ์์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ฆ๋ช ํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋๋ค.
- gif ์์ฑ์๋ ScreenToGif๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค. (gif ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ฒ ํน์์งฑ์ธ๋ฏ)
Determinant of 2 x 2 matrix is...
- An area of a parallelogram defined by two row vectors.
- Of course, same one defined by two column vectors.
- Precisely, a signed area, which means area can be negative.
- If two rows (or columns) are swapped, both the sign of determinant and area change.
More generally, determinant of n x n matrix is...
- Signed area of parallelepiped defined by rows (or columns) of the matrix in n-dim space.
- For a full understanding, a lot of concepts from abstract algebra should be brought, which I will not write here. (Cuz I don't know them.)
- For a mathematical definition of determinant, visit wikipedia.
- A little scary, isn't it?
The code below is...
- A process to prove the equality of the determinant of 2 x 2 matrix and the area of parallelogram.
- ScreenToGif is used to generate gif animation (which is, to me, the easiest way to make gif).
% ๋ ์ (a, b), (c, d)์ ์ขํ
a = 4;
b = 1;
c = 1;
d = 3;
% patch ์ pre-define
lightgreen = [144, 238, 144]/255;
lightblue = [169, 190, 228]/255;
lightorange = [247, 195, 160]/255;
% animation params.
anim_Nsteps = 30;
% create window
figure('WindowStyle','docked')
ax = axes;
ax.XAxisLocation = 'origin';
ax.YAxisLocation = 'origin';
ax.XTick = [];
ax.YTick = [];
hold on
ax.XLim = [-.4, a+c+1];
ax.YLim = [-.4, b+d+1];
% create ad-bc patch
area = patch([0, a, a+c, c], [0, b, b+d, d], lightgreen);
p_ab = plot(a, b, 'ko', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'k');
p_cd = plot(c, d, 'ko', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'k');
p_ab.UserData = text(a+0.1, b, '(a, b)', 'FontSize',16);
p_cd.UserData = text(c+0.1, d-0.2, '(c, d)', 'FontSize',16);
area.UserData = text((a+c)/2-0.5, (b+d)/2, 'ad-bc', 'FontSize', 18);
pause
%% Is this really ad-bc?
area.UserData.String = 'ad-bc...?';
pause
%% fade out ad-bc
fadeinout(area, 0)
area.UserData.Visible = 'off';
pause
%% fade in ad block
rect_ad = patch([0, a, a, 0], [0, 0, d, d], lightblue, 'EdgeAlpha', 0, 'FaceAlpha', 0);
uistack(rect_ad, 'bottom');
fadeinout(rect_ad, 1, t_pause=0.003)
draw_gridline(rect_ad, ["23", "34"])
rect_ad.UserData = text(mean(rect_ad.XData), mean(rect_ad.YData), 'ad', 'FontSize', 20, 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
pause
%% fade-in bc block
rect_bc = patch([0, c, c, 0], [0, 0, b, b], lightorange, 'EdgeAlpha', 0, 'FaceAlpha', 0);
fadeinout(rect_bc, 1, t_pause=0.0035)
draw_gridline(rect_bc, ["23", "34"])
rect_bc.UserData = text(b/2, c/2, 'bc', 'FontSize', 20, 'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
pause
%% slide ad block
patch_slide(rect_ad, ...
[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, b, b, 0], t_pause=0.004)
draw_gridline(rect_ad, ["12", "34"])
pause
%% slide ad block
patch_slide(rect_ad, ...
[0, 0, d/(d/c-b/a), d/(d/c-b/a)],...
[0, 0, b/a*d/(d/c-b/a), b/a*d/(d/c-b/a)], t_pause=0.004)
draw_gridline(rect_ad, ["14", "23"])
pause
%% slide bc block
uistack(p_cd, 'top')
patch_slide(rect_bc, ...
[0, 0, 0, 0], [d, d, d, d], t_pause=0.004)
draw_gridline(rect_bc, "34")
pause
%% slide bc block
patch_slide(rect_bc, ...
[0, 0, a, a], [0, 0, 0, 0], t_pause=0.004)
draw_gridline(rect_bc, "23")
pause
%% slide bc block
patch_slide(rect_bc, ...
[d/(d/c-b/a), 0, 0, d/(d/c-b/a)], ...
[b/a*d/(d/c-b/a), 0, 0, b/a*d/(d/c-b/a)], t_pause=0.004)
pause
%% finalize: fade out ad, bc, and fade in ad-bc
rect_ad.UserData.Visible = 'off';
rect_bc.UserData.Visible = 'off';
fadeinout([rect_ad, rect_bc, area], [0, 0, 1])
area.UserData.String = 'ad-bc';
area.UserData.Visible = 'on';
%% functions
function fadeinout(objs, inout, options)
arguments
objs
inout % 1์ด๋ฉด fade-in, 0์ด๋ฉด fade-out
options.anim_Nsteps = 30
options.t_pause = 0.003
end
for alpha = linspace(0, 1, options.anim_Nsteps)
for i = 1:length(objs)
switch objs(i).Type
case 'patch'
objs(i).FaceAlpha = (inout(i)==1)*alpha + (inout(i)==0)*(1-alpha);
objs(i).EdgeAlpha = (inout(i)==1)*alpha + (inout(i)==0)*(1-alpha);
case 'constantline'
objs(i).Alpha = (inout(i)==1)*alpha + (inout(i)==0)*(1-alpha);
end
pause(options.t_pause)
end
end
end
function patch_slide(obj, x_dist, y_dist, options)
arguments
obj
x_dist
y_dist
options.anim_Nsteps = 30
options.t_pause = 0.003
end
dx = x_dist/options.anim_Nsteps;
dy = y_dist/options.anim_Nsteps;
for i=1:options.anim_Nsteps
obj.XData = obj.XData + dx(:);
obj.YData = obj.YData + dy(:);
obj.UserData.Position(1) = mean(obj.XData);
obj.UserData.Position(2) = mean(obj.YData);
pause(options.t_pause)
end
end
function draw_gridline(patch, where)
ax = patch.Parent;
for i=1:length(where)
v1 = str2double(where{i}(1));
v2 = str2double(where{i}(2));
x1 = patch.XData(v1);
x2 = patch.XData(v2);
y1 = patch.YData(v1);
y2 = patch.YData(v2);
if x1==x2
xline(x1, 'k--')
else
fplot(@(x) (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)*(x-x1)+y1, [ax.XLim(1), ax.XLim(2)], 'k--')
end
end
end
I think that MATLAB's Flipbook Mini Hack had quite some inspiring entries. My work largely deals with digital elevation models (DEMs). Hence I really liked the random renderings of landscapes, in particular this one written by Tim which inspired me to adopt the code and apply to the example data that comes with my software TopoToolbox. The results and code are shown here.
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