Matrix Permanent Using Recursion

Version 1.3.1.0 (19.6 KB) by Brian Butler
Computes the permanent of a matrix.
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Updated 23 Nov 2016

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Computes the permanent of a matrix using recursion. The technique is known as "expansion by minors" or the Laplace expansion. Two versions are included:
1) The MATLAB language routine permanent_mat() is about 8 times faster than equivalent native MATLAB function by Xu plus it has some optimization for sparse matrices.

2) The C language routine permanent()uses the CMEX interface to integrate into MATLAB. It is more than 500 times faster than the native MATLAB function by Xu. Also, I have found it to be faster than more advanced algorithms when the matrix is very sparse. One optimization available in C is that the matrix is kept in-place, in memory. Thus, less memory in consumed and less time is spent copying the matrix.

Cite As

Brian Butler (2025). Matrix Permanent Using Recursion (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/53434-matrix-permanent-using-recursion), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved .

MATLAB Release Compatibility
Created with R2016a
Compatible with any release
Platform Compatibility
Windows macOS Linux
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Version Published Release Notes
1.3.1.0

Updated title and description. Very small change to permanent_mat.m to make it cleaner.
1.3.0.0

Add support for rectangular matrices (more columns than rows).
1.2.0.0

Fixes to supplementary files; no change to CMEX.
1.1.0.0

Updated cover figure.
* Added support for complex input matrices.
* Error checking for non-numeric and sparse format inputs.
* Return a permanent of 1 for 0x0 (empty matrix) input.
* Supplemental: added equivalent MATLAB functions and further speedtesting.
updated requirements.
typo in description
1.0.0.0

Edited description

Made note of small memory requirement.
Added description to front graphic,
Added a figure.