decimate

Decimation — decrease sample rate by integer factor

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Syntax

y = decimate(x,r)
y = decimate(x,r,n)
y = decimate(x,r,"fir")
y = decimate(x,r,n,"fir")

Description

y = decimate(x,r) reduces the sample rate of input signal x by a factor of r. The decimated signal y is shortened by a factor of r so that length(y) = ceil(length(x)/r). By default, decimate uses a lowpass Chebyshev Type I infinite impulse response (IIR) filter of order 8.

example

y = decimate(x,r,n) uses a Chebyshev filter of order n.

example

y = decimate(x,r,"fir") uses a finite impulse response (FIR) filter designed using the window method with a Hamming window. The filter has an order of 30.

y = decimate(x,r,n,"fir") uses an FIR filter of order n.

example

Examples

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Open Live Script

Create a sinusoidal signal sampled at 4 kHz. Decimate it by a factor of four.

t = 0:1/4e3:1;
x = sin(2*pi*30*t) + sin(2*pi*60*t);
y = decimate(x,4);

Plot the original and decimated signals.

subplot(2,1,1)
stem(0:120,x(1:121),'filled','MarkerSize',3)
grid on
xlabel('Sample Number')
ylabel('Original')

subplot(2,1,2)
stem(0:30,y(1:31),'filled','MarkerSize',3)
grid on
xlabel('Sample Number')
ylabel('Decimated')

Figure contains 2 axes objects. Axes object 1 with xlabel Sample Number, ylabel Original contains an object of type stem. Axes object 2 with xlabel Sample Number, ylabel Decimated contains an object of type stem.

Open Live Script

Create a signal with two sinusoids. Decimate it by a factor of 13 using a Chebyshev IIR filter of order 5. Plot the original and decimated signals.

r = 13;
n = 16:365;
lx = length(n);
x = sin(2*pi*n/153) + cos(2*pi*n/127);

plot(0:lx-1,x,'o')
hold on
y = decimate(x,r,5);
stem(lx-1:-r:0,fliplr(y),'ro','filled','markersize',4)

legend('Original','Decimated','Location','south')
xlabel('Sample number')
ylabel('Signal')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Sample number, ylabel Signal contains 2 objects of type line, stem. One or more of the lines displays its values using only markers These objects represent Original, Decimated.

The original and decimated signals have matching last elements.

Open Live Script

Create a signal with two sinusoids. Decimate it by a factor of 13 using an FIR filter of order 82. Plot the original and decimated signals.

r = 13;
n = 16:365;
lx = length(n);
x = sin(2*pi*n/153) + cos(2*pi*n/127);

plot(0:lx-1,x,'o')
hold on
y = decimate(x,r,82,'fir');
stem(0:r:lx-1,y,'ro','filled','markersize',4)

legend('Original','Decimated','Location','south')
xlabel('Sample number')
ylabel('Signal')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Sample number, ylabel Signal contains 2 objects of type line, stem. One or more of the lines displays its values using only markers These objects represent Original, Decimated.

The original and decimated signals have matching first elements.

Input Arguments

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Input signal, specified as a vector.

Data Types: double | single

Decimation factor, specified as a positive integer. For better results when r is greater than 13, divide r into smaller factors and call decimate several times.

Data Types: double | single

Filter order, specified as a positive integer. IIR filter orders above 13 are not recommended because of numerical instability. The function displays a warning in those cases.

Data Types: double | single

Output Arguments

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Decimated signal, returned as a vector.

Algorithms

Decimation reduces the original sample rate of a sequence to a lower rate. It is the opposite of interpolation. decimate lowpass filters the input to guard against aliasing and downsamples the result. The function uses decimation algorithms 8.2 and 8.3 from [1].

  1. decimate creates a lowpass filter. The default is a Chebyshev Type I filter designed using cheby1. This filter has a normalized cutoff frequency of 0.8/r and a passband ripple of 0.05 dB. Sometimes, the specified filter order produces passband distortion due to round-off errors accumulated from the convolutions needed to create the transfer function. decimate automatically reduces the filter order when distortion causes the magnitude response at the cutoff frequency to differ from the ripple by more than 10–6.

    When the "fir" option is chosen, decimate uses fir1 to design a lowpass FIR filter with cutoff frequency 1/r.

  2. When using the FIR filter, decimate filters the input sequence in only one direction. This conserves memory and is useful for working with long sequences. In the IIR case, decimate applies the filter in the forward and reverse directions using filtfilt to remove phase distortion. In effect, this process doubles the filter order. In both cases, the function minimizes transient effects at both ends of the signal by matching endpoint conditions.

  3. Finally, decimate resamples the data by selecting every rth point from the interior of the filtered signal. In the resampled sequence (y), y(end) matches x(end) when the IIR filter is used, and y(1) matches x(1) when the FIR filter is used.

References

[1] Digital Signal Processing Committee of the IEEE® Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Society, eds. Programs for Digital Signal Processing. New York: IEEE Press, 1979.

Extended Capabilities

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Version History

Introduced before R2006a

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See Also

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