overshoot
Overshoot metrics of bilevel waveform transitions
Syntax
Description
[___] = overshoot(___,
specifies additional options using one or more Name,Value
)Name,Value
arguments.
You can use any of the output combinations from previous syntaxes.
overshoot(___)
plots the bilevel waveform and marks the
location of the overshoot of each transition. The function also plots the lower and upper
reference-level instants and associated reference levels and the state levels and associated
lower- and upper-state boundaries.
Examples
Overshoot Percentage in Posttransition Aberration Region
Determine the maximum percent overshoot relative to the high-state level in a 2.3 V clock waveform.
Load the 2.3 V clock data. Determine the maximum percent overshoot of the transition. Determine also the level and sample instant of the overshoot. In this example, the maximum overshoot in the posttransition region occurs near index 22.
load('transitionex.mat','x') [oo,lv,nst] = overshoot(x)
oo = 6.1798
lv = 2.4276
nst = 22
Plot the waveform. Annotate the overshoot and the corresponding sample instant.
overshoot(x); ax = gca; ax.XTick = sort([ax.XTick nst]);
Overshoot Percentage, Levels, and Time Instant in Posttransition Aberration Region
Determine the maximum percent overshoot relative to the high-state level, the level of the overshoot, and the sample instant in a 2.3 V clock waveform.
Load the 2.3 V clock data with sampling instants. The clock data are sampled at 4 MHz.
load('transitionex.mat','x','t')
Determine the maximum percent overshoot, the level of the overshoot in volts, and the time instant where the maximum overshoot occurs. Plot the result.
[os,oslev,osinst] = overshoot(x,t)
os = 6.1798
oslev = 2.4276
osinst = 5.2500e-06
overshoot(x,t);
Overshoot Percentage, Levels, and Time Instant in Pretransition Aberration Region
Determine the maximum percent overshoot relative to the low-state level, the level of the overshoot, and the sample instant in a 2.3 V clock waveform. Specify the 'Region'
as 'Preshoot'
to output pretransition metrics.
Load the 2.3 V clock data with sampling instants. The clock data are sampled at 4 MHz.
load('transitionex.mat','x','t')
Determine the maximum percent overshoot, the level of the overshoot in volts, and the sampling instant where the maximum overshoot occurs. Plot the result.
[os,oslev,osinst] = overshoot(x,t,'Region','Preshoot')
os = 4.8050
oslev = 0.1020
osinst = 4.7500e-06
overshoot(x,t,'Region','Preshoot');
Input Arguments
x
— Bilevel waveform
real-valued vector
Bilevel waveform, specified as a real-valued vector. The sample instants in
x
correspond to the vector indices. The first sample instant in
x
corresponds to t = 0.
fs
— Sample rate
real positive scalar
Sample rate in hertz, specified as a real positive scalar. The sample rate
determines the sample instants corresponding to the elements in
x
.
t
— Sample instants
vector
Sample instants, specified as a vector. The length of t
must
equal the length of the input bilevel waveform x
.
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name
in quotes.
Example: 'Region','Preshoot'
specifies the pretransition aberration
region.
PercentReferenceLevels
— Reference levels
[10 90]
(default) | 1-by-2 real-valued vector
Reference levels as a percentage of the waveform amplitude, specified as a 1-by-2 real-valued vector. The function defines the lower-state level to be 0 percent and the upper-state level to be 100 percent. The first element corresponds to the lower percent reference level, and the second element corresponds to the upper percent reference level.
Region
— Aberration region
'Postshoot'
(default) | 'Preshoot'
Aberration region over which to compute the overshoot, specified as
'Preshoot'
or 'Postshoot'
. If you specify
'Preshoot'
, the function defines the end of the pretransition
aberration region as the last instant when the signal exits the first state. If you
specify 'Postshoot'
, the function defines the start of the
posttransition aberration region as the instant when the signal enters the second
state. By default, the function computes overshoots for posttransition aberration
regions.
SeekFactor
— Aberration region duration
3
(default) | real-valued scalar
Aberration region duration, specified as a real-valued scalar. The function computes the overshoot over the specified duration for each transition as a multiple of the corresponding transition duration. If the edge of the waveform is reached or a complete intervening transition is detected before the aberration region duration elapses, the duration is truncated to the edge of the waveform or the start of the intervening transition.
StateLevels
— Low- and high-state levels
1-by-2 real-valued vector
Low- and high-state levels, specified as a 1-by-2 real-valued vector. The first element corresponds to the low-state level and the second element corresponds to the high-state level of the input waveform.
Tolerance
— Tolerance level
2
(default) | real-valued scalar
Tolerance level, specified as a real-valued scalar. The function expresses tolerance as a percentage of the difference between the upper and lower state levels. The initial and final levels of each transition must be within the respective state levels.
Output Arguments
os
— Overshoots
vector
Overshoots expressed as a percentage of the state levels, returned as a vector. The
length of OS
corresponds to the number of transitions detected in
the input signal. For more information, see Overshoot.
oslev
— Overshoot level
column vector
Overshoot level, returned as a column vector.
More About
State-Level Estimation
To determine the transitions, the overshoot
function estimates the state levels of the input bilevel waveform x
by
using a histogram method with these steps.
Determine the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the data.
For the specified number of histogram bins, determine the bin width, which is the ratio of the amplitude range to the number of bins.
Sort the data values into the histogram bins.
Identify the lowest and highest indexed histogram bins with nonzero counts.
Divide the histogram into two subhistograms.
Compute the state levels by determining the mode or mean of the upper and lower histograms.
The function identifies all intervals which cross the upper-state boundary of the low state and the lower-state boundary of the high state. The low-state and high-state boundaries are expressed as the state level plus or minus a multiple of the difference between the state levels.
Overshoot
The function computes the overshoot percentages based on the greatest deviation from the final state level in each transition.
For a positive-going (positive-polarity) pulse, the overshoot is given by
where O is the maximum deviation greater than the high-state level, S2 is the high state, and S1 is the low state.
For a negative-going (negative-polarity) pulse, the overshoot is given by
This figure shows the calculation of overshoot for a positive-going transition.
The red dashed lines indicate the estimated state levels. The double-sided black arrow depicts the difference between the high- and low-state levels. The solid black line indicates the difference between the overshoot value and the high-state level.
State-Level Tolerances
You can specify lower- and upper-state boundaries for each state level. Define the boundaries as the state level plus or minus a scalar multiple of the difference between the high state and the low state. To provide a useful tolerance region, specify the scalar as a small number such as 2/100 or 3/100. In general, the region for the low state is defined as
where is the low-state level and is the high-state level. Replace the first term in the equation with to obtain the tolerance region for the high state.
This figure shows lower and upper 5% state boundaries (tolerance regions) for a positive-polarity bi-level waveform. The thick dashed lines indicate the estimated state levels.
References
[1] IEEE Standard 181. IEEE® Standard on Transitions, Pulses, and Related Waveforms (2003): 15–17.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.
Version History
Introduced in R2012a
See Also
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