ans = 
Results for
You may have come across code that looks like that in some languages:
stubFor(get(urlPathEqualTo("/quotes"))
.withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
.withQueryParam("s", equalTo(monitoredStock))
.willReturn(aResponse())
.withStatus(200)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
.withBody("{\\"symbol\\": \\"XYZ\\", \\"bid\\": 20.2, " + "\\"ask\\": 20.6}")))
That’s Java. Even if you can’t fully decipher it, you can get a rough idea of what it is supposed to do, build a rather complex API query.
Or you may be familiar with the following similar and frequent syntax in Python:
import seaborn as sns
sns.load_dataset('tips').sample(10, random_state=42).groupby('day').mean()
Here’s is how it works: multiple method calls are linked together in a single statement, spanning over one or several lines, usually because each method returns the same object or another object that supports further calls.
That technique is called method chaining and is popular in Object-Oriented Programming.
A few years ago, I looked for a way to write code like that in MATLAB too. And the answer is that it can be done in MATLAB as well, whevener you write your own class!
Implementing a method that can be chained is simply a matter of writing a method that returns the object itself.
In this article, I would like to show how to do it and what we can gain from such a syntax.
Example
A few years ago, I first sought how to implement that technique for a simulation launcher that had lots of parameters (far too many):
lauchSimulation(2014:2020, true, 'template', 'TmplProd', 'Priority', '+1', 'Memory', '+6000')
As you can see, that function takes 2 required inputs, and 3 named parameters (whose names aren’t even consistent, with ‘Priority’ and ‘Memory’ starting with an uppercase letter when ‘template’ doesn’t).
(The original function had many more parameters that I omit for the sake of brevity. You may also know of such functions in your own code that take a dozen parameters which you can remember the exact order.)
I thought it would be nice to replace that with:
SimulationLauncher() ...
.onYears(2014:2020) ...
.onDistributedCluster() ... % = equivalent of the previous "true"
.withTemplate('TmplProd') ...
.withPriority('+1') ...
.withReservedMemory('+6000') ...
.launch();
The first 6 lines create an object of class SimulationLauncher, calls several methods on that object to set the parameters, and lastly the method launch() is called, when all desired parameters have been set.
To make it cleared, the syntax previously shown could also be rewritten as:
launcher = SimulationLauncher();
launcher = launcher.onYears(2014:2020);
launcher = launcher.onDistributedCluster();
launcher = launcher.withTemplate('TmplProd');
launcher = launcher.withPriority('+1');
launcher = launcher.withReservedMemory('+6000');
launcher.launch();
Before we dive into how to implement that code, let’s examine the advantages and drawbacks of that syntax.
Benefits and drawbacks
Because I have extended the chained methods over several lines, it makes it easier to comment out or uncomment any one desired option, should the need arise. Furthermore, we need not bother any more with the order in which we set the parameters, whereas the usual syntax required that we memorize or check the documentation carefully for the order of the inputs.
More generally, chaining methods has the following benefits and a few drawbacks:
Benefits:
- Conciseness: Code becomes shorter and easier to write, by reducing visual noise compared to repeating the object name.
- Readability: Chained methods create a fluent, human-readable structure that makes intent clear.
- Reduced Temporary Variables: There's no need to create intermediary variables, as the methods directly operate on the object.
Drawbacks:
- Debugging Difficulty: If one method in a chain fails, it can be harder to isolate the issue. It effectively prevents setting breakpoints, inspecting intermediate values, and identifying which method failed.
- Readability Issues: Overly long and dense method chains can become hard to follow, reducing clarity.
- Side Effects: Methods that modify objects in place can lead to unintended side effects when used in long chains.
Implementation
In the SimulationLauncher class, the method lauch performs the main operation, while the other methods just serve as parameter setters. They take the object as input and return the object itself, after modifying it, so that other methods can be chained.
classdef SimulationLauncher
properties (GetAccess = private, SetAccess = private)
years_
isDistributed_ = false;
template_ = 'TestTemplate';
priority_ = '+2';
memory_ = '+5000';
end
methods
function varargout = launch(obj)
% perform whatever needs to be launched
% using the values of the properties stored in the object:
% obj.years_
% obj.template_
% etc.
end
function obj = onYears(obj, years)
assert(isnumeric(years))
obj.years_ = years;
end
function obj = onDistributedCluster(obj)
obj.isDistributed_ = true;
end
function obj = withTemplate(obj, template)
obj.template_ = template;
end
function obj = withPriority(obj, priority)
obj.priority_ = priority;
end
function obj = withMemory( obj, memory)
obj.memory_ = memory;
end
end
end
As you can see, each method can be in charge of verifying the correctness of its input, independantly. And what they do is just store the value of parameter inside the object. The class can define default values in the properties block.
You can configure different launchers from the same initial object, such as:
launcher = SimulationLauncher();
launcher = launcher.onYears(2014:2020);
launcher1 = launcher ...
.onDistributedCluster() ...
.withReservedMemory('+6000');
launcher2 = launcher ...
.withTemplate('TmplProd') ...
.withPriority('+1') ...
.withReservedMemory('+7000');
If you call the same method several times, only the last recorded value of the parameter will be taken into acount:
launcher = SimulationLauncher();
launcher = launcher ...
.withReservedMemory('+6000') ...
.onDistributedCluster() ...
.onYears(2014:2020) ...
.withReservedMemory('+7000') ...
.withReservedMemory('+8000');
% The value of "memory" will be '+8000'.
If the logic is still not clear to you, I advise you play a bit with the debugger to better understand what’s going on!
Conclusion
I love how the method chaining technique hides the minute detail that we don’t want to bother with when trying to understand what a piece of code does.
I hope this simple example has shown you how to apply it to write and organise your code in a more readable and convenient way.
Let me know if you have other questions, comments or suggestions. I may post other examples of that technique for other useful uses that I encountered in my experience.
I struggle with animations. I often want a simple scrollable animation and wind up having to export to some external viewer in some supported format. The new Live Script automation of animations fails and sabotages other methods and it is not well documented so even AIs are clueless how to resolve issues. Often an animation works natively but not with MATLAB Online. Animation of results seems to me rather basic and should be easier!
Frequently, I find myself doing things like the following,
xyz=rand(100,3);
XYZ=num2cell(xyz,1);
scatter3(XYZ{:,1:3})
But num2cell is time-consuming, not to mention that requiring it means extra lines of code. Is there any reason not to enable this syntax,
scatter3(xyz{:,1:3})
so that I one doesn't have to go through num2cell? Here, I adopt the rule that only dimensions that are not ':' will be comma-expanded.
If you use tables extensively to perform data analysis, you may at some point have wanted to add new functionalities suited to your specific applications. One straightforward idea is to create a new class that subclasses the built-in table class. You would then benefit from all inherited existing methods.
One workaround is to create a new class that wraps a table as a Property, and re-implement all the methods that you need and are already defined for table. The is not too difficult, except for the subsref method, for which I’ll provide the code below.
Class definition
Defining a wrapper of the table class is quite straightforward. In this example, I call the class “Report” because that is what I intend to use the class for, to compute and store reports. The constructor just takes a table as input:
classdef Rapport
methods
function obj = Report(t)
if isa(t, 'Report')
obj = t;
else
obj.t_ = t;
end
end
end
properties (GetAccess = private, SetAccess = private)
t_ table = table();
end
end
I designed the constructor so that it converts a table into a Report object, but also so that if we accidentally provide it with a Report object instead of a table, it will not generate an error.
Reproducing the behaviour of the table class
Implementing the existing methods of the table class for the Report class if pretty easy in most cases.
I made use of a method called “table” in order to be able to get the data back in table format instead of a Report, instead of accessing the property t_ of the object. That method can also be useful whenever you wish to use the methods or functions already existing for tables (such as writetable, rowfun, groupsummary…).
classdef Rapport
...
methods
function t = table(obj)
t = obj.t_;
end
function r = eq(obj1,obj2)
r = isequaln(table(obj1), table(obj2));
end
function ind = size(obj, varargin)
ind = size(table(obj), varargin{:});
end
function ind = height(obj, varargin)
ind = height(table(obj), varargin{:});
end
function ind = width(obj, varargin)
ind = width(table(obj), varargin{:});
end
function ind = end(A,k,n)
% ind = end(A.t_,k,n);
sz = size(table(A));
if k < n
ind = sz(k);
else
ind = prod(sz(k:end));
end
end
end
end
In the case of horzcat (same principle for vertcat), it is just a matter of converting back and forth between the table and Report classes:
classdef Rapport
...
methods
function r = horzcat(obj1,varargin)
listT = cell(1, nargin);
listT{1} = table(obj1);
for k = 1:numel(varargin)
kth = varargin{k};
if isa(kth, 'Report')
listT{k+1} = table(kth);
elseif isa(kth, 'table')
listT{k+1} = kth;
else
error('Input must be a table or a Report');
end
end
res = horzcat(listT{:});
r = Report(res);
end
end
end
Adding a new method
The plus operator already exists for the table class and works when the table contains all numeric values. It sums columns as long as the tables have the same length.
Something I think would be nice would be to be able to write t1 + t2, and that would perform an outerjoin operation between the tables and any sizes having similar indexing columns.
That would be so concise, and that's what we’re going to implement for the Report class as an example. That is called “plus operator overloading”. Of course, you could imagine that the “+” operator is used to compute something else, for example adding columns together with regard to the keys index. That depends on your needs.
Here’s a unittest example:
classdef ReportTest < matlab.unittest.TestCase
methods (Test)
function testPlusOperatorOverload(testCase)
t1 = array2table( ...
{ 'Smith', 'Male' ...
; 'JACKSON', 'Male' ...
; 'Williams', 'Female' ...
} , 'VariableNames', {'LastName' 'Gender'} ...
);
t2 = array2table( ...
{ 'Smith', 13 ...
; 'Williams', 6 ...
; 'JACKSON', 4 ...
}, 'VariableNames', {'LastName' 'Age'} ...
);
r1 = Report(t1);
r2 = Report(t2);
tRes = r1 + r2;
tExpected = Report( array2table( ...
{ 'JACKSON' , 'Male', 4 ...
; 'Smith' , 'Male', 13 ...
; 'Williams', 'Female', 6 ...
} , 'VariableNames', {'LastName' 'Gender' 'Age'} ...
) );
testCase.verifyEqual(tRes, tExpected);
end
end
end
And here’s how I’d implement the plus operator in the Report class definition, so that it also works if I add a table and a Report:
classdef Rapport
...
methods
function r = plus(obj1,obj2)
table1 = table(obj1);
table2 = table(obj2);
result = outerjoin(table1, table2 ...
, 'Type', 'full', 'MergeKeys', true);
r = reportingits.dom.Rapport(result);
end
end
end
The case of the subsref method
If we wish to access the elements of an instance the same way we would with regular tables, whether with parentheses, curly braces or directly with the name of the column, we need to implement the subsref and subsasgn methods. The second one, subsasgn is pretty easy, but subsref is a bit tricky, because we need to detect whether we’re directing towards existing methods or not.
Here’s the code:
classdef Rapport
...
methods
function A = subsasgn(A,S,B)
A.t_ = subsasgn(A.t_,S,B);
end
function B = subsref(A,S)
isTableMethod = @(m) ismember(m, methods('table'));
isReportMethod = @(m) ismember(m, methods('Report'));
switch true
case strcmp(S(1).type, '.') && isReportMethod(S(1).subs)
methodName = S(1).subs;
B = A.(methodName)(S(2).subs{:});
if numel(S) > 2
B = subsref(B, S(3:end));
end
case strcmp(S(1).type, '.') && isTableMethod (S(1).subs)
methodName = S(1).subs;
if ~isReportMethod(methodName)
error('The method "%s" needs to be implemented!', methodName)
end
otherwise
B = subsref(table(A),S(1));
if istable(B)
B = Report(B);
end
if numel(S) > 1
B = subsref(B, S(2:end));
end
end
end
end
end
Conclusion
I believe that the table class is Sealed because is case new methods are introduced in MATLAB in the future, the subclass might not be compatible if we created any or generate unexpected complexity.
The table class is a really powerful feature.
I hope this example has shown you how it is possible to extend the use of tables by adding new functionalities and maybe given you some ideas to simplify some usages. I’ve only happened to find it useful in very restricted cases, but was still happy to be able to do so.
In case you need to add other methods of the table class, you can see the list simply by calling methods(’table’).
Feel free to share your thoughts or any questions you might have! Maybe you’ll decide that doing so is a bad idea in the end and opt for another solution.
Give your LLM an easier time looking for information on mathworks.com: point it to the recently released llms.txt files. The top-level one is www.mathworks.com/llms.txt, release changes use www.mathworks.com/help/relnotes. How does it work for you??
(Requested for newer MATLAB releases (e.g. R2026B), MATLAB Parallel Processing toolbox.)
Lower precision array types have been gaining more popularity over the years for deep learning. The current lowest precision built-in array type offered by MATLAB are 8-bit precision arrays, e.g. int8 and uint8. A good thing is that these 8-bit array types do have gpuArray support, meaning that one is able to design GPU MEX codes that take in these 8-bit arrays and reinterpret them bit-wise as other 8-bit array types, e.g. FP8, which is especially common array type used in modern day deep learning applications. I myself have used this to develop forward pass operations with 8-bit precision that are around twice as fast as 16-bit operations and with output arrays that still agree well with 16-bit outputs (measured with high cosine similarity). So the 8-bit support that MATLAB offers is already quite sufficient.
Recently, 4-bit precision array types have been shown also capable of being very useful in deep learning. These array types can be processed with Tensor Cores of more modern GPUs, such as NVIDIA's Blackwell architecture. However, MATLAB does not yet have a built-in 4-bit precision array type.
Just like MATLAB has int8 and uint8, both also with gpuArray support, it would also be nice to have MATLAB have int4 and uint4, also with gpuArray support.
I can't believe someone put time into this ;-)
The formula comes from @yuruyurau. (https://x.com/yuruyurau)
digital life 1
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 2, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 0:2e4;
x = mod(i, 100);
y = floor(i./100);
k = x./4 - 12.5;
e = y./9 + 5;
o = vecnorm([k; e])./9;
while true
t = t + pi/90;
q = x + 99 + tan(1./k) + o.*k.*(cos(e.*9)./4 + cos(y./2)).*sin(o.*4 - t);
c = o.*e./30 - t./8;
SHdl.XData = (q.*0.7.*sin(c)) + 9.*cos(y./19 + t) + 200;
SHdl.YData = 200 + (q./2.*cos(c));
drawnow
end
digital life 2
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 2, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 0:1e4;
x = i;
y = i./235;
e = y./8 - 13;
while true
t = t + pi/240;
k = (4 + sin(y.*2 - t).*3).*cos(x./29);
d = vecnorm([k; e]);
q = 3.*sin(k.*2) + 0.3./k + sin(y./25).*k.*(9 + 4.*sin(e.*9 - d.*3 + t.*2));
SHdl.XData = q + 30.*cos(d - t) + 200;
SHdl.YData = 620 - q.*sin(d - t) - d.*39;
drawnow
end
digital life 3
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 1, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 0:1e4;
x = mod(i, 200);
y = i./43;
k = 5.*cos(x./14).*cos(y./30);
e = y./8 - 13;
d = (k.^2 + e.^2)./59 + 4;
a = atan2(k, e);
while true
t = t + pi/20;
q = 60 - 3.*sin(a.*e) + k.*(3 + 4./d.*sin(d.^2 - t.*2));
c = d./2 + e./99 - t./18;
SHdl.XData = q.*sin(c) + 200;
SHdl.YData = (q + d.*9).*cos(c) + 200;
drawnow; pause(1e-2)
end
digital life 4
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 1, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 0:4e4;
x = mod(i, 200);
y = i./200;
k = x./8 - 12.5;
e = y./8 - 12.5;
o = (k.^2 + e.^2)./169;
d = .5 + 5.*cos(o);
while true
t = t + pi/120;
SHdl.XData = x + d.*k.*sin(d.*2 + o + t) + e.*cos(e + t) + 100;
SHdl.YData = y./4 - o.*135 + d.*6.*cos(d.*3 + o.*9 + t) + 275;
SHdl.CData = ((d.*sin(k).*sin(t.*4 + e)).^2).'.*[1,1,1];
drawnow;
end
digital life 5
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 1, 'filled','o','w',...
'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 0:1e4;
x = mod(i, 200);
y = i./55;
k = 9.*cos(x./8);
e = y./8 - 12.5;
while true
t = t + pi/120;
d = (k.^2 + e.^2)./99 + sin(t)./6 + .5;
q = 99 - e.*sin(atan2(k, e).*7)./d + k.*(3 + cos(d.^2 - t).*2);
c = d./2 + e./69 - t./16;
SHdl.XData = q.*sin(c) + 200;
SHdl.YData = (q + 19.*d).*cos(c) + 200;
drawnow;
end
digital life 6
clc; clear
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 2, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 1:1e4;
y = i./790;
k = y; idx = y < 5;
k(idx) = 6 + sin(bitxor(floor(y(idx)), 1)).*6;
k(~idx) = 4 + cos(y(~idx));
while true
t = t + pi/90;
d = sqrt((k.*cos(i + t./4)).^2 + (y/3-13).^2);
q = y.*k.*cos(i + t./4)./5.*(2 + sin(d.*2 + y - t.*4));
c = d./3 - t./2 + mod(i, 2);
SHdl.XData = q + 90.*cos(c) + 200;
SHdl.YData = 400 - (q.*sin(c) + d.*29 - 170);
drawnow; pause(1e-2)
end
digital life 7
clc; clear
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl = scatter([], [], 2, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.4);
t = 0;
i = 1:1e4;
y = i./345;
x = y; idx = y < 11;
x(idx) = 6 + sin(bitxor(floor(x(idx)), 8))*6;
x(~idx) = x(~idx)./5 + cos(x(~idx)./2);
e = y./7 - 13;
while true
t = t + pi/120;
k = x.*cos(i - t./4);
d = sqrt(k.^2 + e.^2) + sin(e./4 + t)./2;
q = y.*k./d.*(3 + sin(d.*2 + y./2 - t.*4));
c = d./2 + 1 - t./2;
SHdl.XData = q + 60.*cos(c) + 200;
SHdl.YData = 400 - (q.*sin(c) + d.*29 - 170);
drawnow; pause(5e-3)
end
digital life 8
clc; clear
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl{6} = [];
for j = 1:6
SHdl{j} = scatter([], [], 2, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.3);
end
t = 0;
i = 1:2e4;
k = mod(i, 25) - 12;
e = i./800; m = 200;
theta = pi/3;
R = [cos(theta) -sin(theta); sin(theta) cos(theta)];
while true
t = t + pi/240;
d = 7.*cos(sqrt(k.^2 + e.^2)./3 + t./2);
XY = [k.*4 + d.*k.*sin(d + e./9 + t);
e.*2 - d.*9 - d.*9.*cos(d + t)];
for j = 1:6
XY = R*XY;
SHdl{j}.XData = XY(1,:) + m;
SHdl{j}.YData = XY(2,:) + m;
end
drawnow;
end
digital life 9
clc; clear
figure('Position',[300,50,900,900], 'Color','k');
axes(gcf, 'NextPlot','add', 'Position',[0,0,1,1], 'Color','k');
axis([0, 400, 0, 400])
SHdl{14} = [];
for j = 1:14
SHdl{j} = scatter([], [], 2, 'filled','o','w', 'MarkerEdgeColor','none', 'MarkerFaceAlpha',.1);
end
t = 0;
i = 1:2e4;
k = mod(i, 50) - 25;
e = i./1100; m = 200;
theta = pi/7;
R = [cos(theta) -sin(theta); sin(theta) cos(theta)];
while true
t = t + pi/240;
d = 5.*cos(sqrt(k.^2 + e.^2) - t + mod(i, 2));
XY = [k + k.*d./6.*sin(d + e./3 + t);
90 + e.*d - e./d.*2.*cos(d + t)];
for j = 1:14
XY = R*XY;
SHdl{j}.XData = XY(1,:) + m;
SHdl{j}.YData = XY(2,:) + m;
end
drawnow;
end
It’s exciting to dive into a new dataset full of unfamiliar variables but it can also be overwhelming if you’re not sure where to start. Recently, I discovered some new interactive features in MATLAB live scripts that make it much easier to get an overview of your data. With just a few clicks, you can display sparklines and summary statistics using table variables, sort and filter variables, and even have MATLAB generate the corresponding code for reproducibility.
The Graphics and App Building blog published an article that walks through these features showing how to explore, clean, and analyze data—all without writing any code.
If you’re interested in streamlining your exploratory data analysis or want to see what’s new in live scripts, you might find it helpful:
If you’ve tried these features or have your own tips for quick data exploration in MATLAB, I’d love to hear your thoughts!
Pure Matlab
82%
Simulink
18%
11 votes
Jorge Bernal-AlvizJorge Bernal-Alviz shared the following code that requires R2025a or later:
Test()
function Test()
duration = 10;
numFrames = 800;
frameInterval = duration / numFrames;
w = 400;
t = 0;
i_vals = 1:10000;
x_vals = i_vals;
y_vals = i_vals / 235;
r = linspace(0, 1, 300)';
g = linspace(0, 0.1, 300)';
b = linspace(1, 0, 300)';
r = r * 0.8 + 0.1;
g = g * 0.6 + 0.1;
b = b * 0.9 + 0.1;
customColormap = [r, g, b];
figure('Position', [100, 100, w, w], 'Color', [0, 0, 0]);
axis equal;
axis off;
xlim([0, w]);
ylim([0, w]);
hold on;
colormap default;
colormap(customColormap);
plothandle = scatter([], [], 1, 'filled', 'MarkerFaceAlpha', 0.12);
for i = 1:numFrames
t = t + pi/240;
k = (4 + 3 * sin(y_vals * 2 - t)) .* cos(x_vals / 29);
e = y_vals / 8 - 13;
d = sqrt(k.^2 + e.^2);
c = d - t;
q = 3 * sin(2 * k) + 0.3 ./ (k + 1e-10) + ...
sin(y_vals / 25) .* k .* (9 + 4 * sin(9 * e - 3 * d + 2 * t));
points_x = q + 30 * cos(c) + 200;
points_y = q .* sin(c) + 39 * d - 220;
points_y = w - points_y;
CData = (1 + sin(0.1 * (d - t))) / 3;
CData = max(0, min(1, CData));
set(plothandle, 'XData', points_x, 'YData', points_y, 'CData', CData);
brightness = 0.5 + 0.3 * sin(t * 0.2);
set(plothandle, 'MarkerFaceAlpha', brightness);
drawnow;
pause(frameInterval);
end
end
From my experience, MATLAB's Deep Learning Toolbox is quite user-friendly, but it still falls short of libraries like PyTorch in many respects. Most users tend to choose PyTorch because of its flexibility, efficiency, and rich support for many mathematical operators. In recent years, the number of dlarray-compatible mathematical functions added to the toolbox has been very limited, which makes it difficult to experiment with many custom networks. For example, svd is currently not supported for dlarray inputs.
This link (List of Functions with dlarray Support - MATLAB & Simulink) lists all functions that support dlarray as of R2026a — only around 200 functions (including toolbox-specific ones). I would like to see support for many more fundamental mathematical functions so that users have greater freedom when building and researching custom models. For context, the core MATLAB mathematics module contains roughly 600 functions, and many application domains build on that foundation.
I hope MathWorks will prioritize and accelerate expanding dlarray support for basic math functions. Doing so would significantly increase the Deep Learning Toolbox's utility and appeal for researchers and practitioners.
Thank you.
Pick a team, solve Cody problems, and share your best tips and tricks. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned MATLAB user, you’ll have fun learning, connecting with others, and competing for amazing prizes, including MathWorks swags, Amazon gift cards, and virtual badges.
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- Main Round: Nov 10 – Dec 7, 2025
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- Become a top finisher in your team to win Amazon gift cards and an invitation to the bonus round.
I just learned you can access MATLAB Online from the following shortcut in your web browser: https://matlab.new
Thanks @Yann Debray
From his recent blog post: pip & uv in MATLAB Online » Artificial Intelligence - MATLAB & Simulink
I'm working on training neural networks without backpropagation / automatic differentiation, using locally derived analytic forms of update rules. Given that this allows a direct formula to be derived for the update rule, it removes alot of the overhead that is otherwise required from automatic differentiation.
However, matlab's functionalities for neural networks are currently solely based around backpropagation and automatic differentiation, such as the dlgradient function and requiring everything to be dlarrays during training.
I have two main requests, specifically for functions that perform a single operation within a single layer of a neural network, such as "dlconv", "fullyconnect", "maxpool", "avgpool", "relu", etc:
- these functions should also allow normal gpuArray data instead of requiring everything to be dlarrays.
- these functions are currently designed to only perform the forward pass. I request that these also be designed to perform the backward pass if user requests. There can be another input user flag that can be "forward" (default) or "backward", and then the function should have all the necessary inputs to perform that operation (e.g. for "avgpool" forward pass it only needs the avgpool input data and the avgpool parameters, but for the "avgpool" backward pass it needs the deriviative w.r.t. the avgpool output data, the avgpool parameters, and the original data dimensions). I know that there is a maxunpool function that achieves this for maxpool, but it has significant issues when trying to use it this way instead of by backpropagation in a dlgradient type layer, see (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/2179587-making-a-custom-way-to-train-cnns-and-i-am-noticing-that-avgpool-is-significantly-faster-than-maxpo?s_tid=srchtitle).
I don't know how many people would benefit from this feature, and someone could always spend their time creating these functionalities themselves by matlab scripts, cuDNN mex, etc., but regardless it would be nice for matlab to have this allowable for more customizable neural net training.
Inspired by @xingxingcui's post about old MATLAB versions and @유장's post about an old Easter egg, I thought it might be fun to share some MATLAB-Old-Timer Stories™.
Back in the early 90s, MATLAB had been ported to MacOS, but there were some interesting wrinkles. One that kept me earning my money as a computer lab tutor was that MATLAB required file names to follow Windows standards - no spaces or other special characters. But on a Mac, nothing stopped you from naming your script "hello world - 123.m". The problem came when you tried to run it. MATLAB was essentially doing an eval on the script name, assuming the file name would follow Windows (and MATLAB) naming rules.
So now imagine a lab full of students taking a university course. As is common in many universities, the course was given a numeric code. For whatever historical reason, my school at that time was also using numeric codes for the departments. Despite being told the rules for naming scripts, many students would default to something like "26.165 - 1.1" for problem one on HW1 for the intro applied math course 26.165.
No matter what they did in their script, when they ran it, MATLAB would just say "ans = 25.0650".
Nothing brings you more MATLAB-god credibility as a student tutor than walking over to someone's computer, taking one look at their output, saying "rename your file", and walking away like a boss.
It was 2010 when I was a sophomore in university. I chose to learn MATLAB because of a mathematical modeling competition, and the university provided MATLAB 7.0, a very classic release. To get started, I borrowed many MATLAB books from the library and began by learning simple numerical calculations, plotting, and solving equations. Gradually I was drawn in by MATLAB’s powerful capabilities and became interested; I often used it as a big calculator for fun. That version didn’t have MATLAB Live Script; instead it used MATLAB Notebook (M-Book), which allowed MATLAB functions to be used directly within Microsoft Word, and it also had the Symbolic Math Toolbox’s MuPAD interactive environment. These were later gradually replaced by Live Scripts introduced in R2016a. There are many similar examples...
Out of curiosity, I still have screenshots on my computer showing MATLAB 7.0 running compatibly. I’d love to hear your thoughts?
Edit 15 Oct 2025: Removed incorrect code. Replaced symmatrix2sym and symfunmatrix2symfun with sym and symfun respectively (latter supported as of 2024b).
The Symbolic Math Toolbox does not have its own dot and and cross functions. That's o.k. (maybe) for garden variety vectors of sym objects where those operations get shipped off to the base Matlab functions
x = sym('x',[3,1]); y = sym('y',[3,1]);
which dot(x,y)
dot(x,y)
which cross(x,y)
cross(x,y)
clearvars
x = symmatrix('x',[3,1]); y = symmatrix('y',[3,1]);
z = symmatrix('z',[1,1]);
sympref('AbbreviateOutput',false);
dot() expands the result, which isn't really desirable for exposition.
eqn = z == dot(x,y)
Also, dot() returns the the result in terms of the conjugate of x, which can't be simplifed away at the symmatrix level
assumeAlso(sym(x),'real')
class(eqn)
try
eqn = z == simplify(dot(x,y))
catch ME
ME.message
end
To get rid of the conjugate, we have to resort to sym
eqn = simplify(sym(eqn))
but again we are in expanded form, which defeats the purpose of symmatrix (et. al.)
But at least we can do this to get a nice equation
eqn = z == x.'*y
dot errors with symfunmatrix inputs
clearvars
syms t real
x = symfunmatrix('x(t)',t,[3,1]); y = symfunmatrix('y(t)',t,[3,1]);
try
dot(x,y)
catch ME
ME.message
end
Cross works (accidentally IMO) with symmatrix, but expands the result, which isn't really desirable for exposition
clearvars
x = symmatrix('x',[3,1]); y = symmatrix('y',[3,1]);
z = symmatrix('z',[3,1]);
eqn = z == cross(x,y)
And it doesn't work at all if an input is a symfunmatrix
syms t
w = symfunmatrix('w(t)',t,[3,1]);
try
eqn = z == cross(x,w);
catch ME
ME.message
end
In the latter case we can expand with
eqn = z == cross(sym(x),symfun(w)) % x has to be converted
But we can't do the same with dot (as shown above, dot doesn't like symfun inputs)
try
eqn = z == dot(sym(x),symfun(w))
catch ME
ME.message
end
Looks like the only choice for dot with symfunmatrix is to write it by hand at the matrix level
x.'*w
or at the sym/symfun level
sym(x).'*symfun(w) % assuming x is real
Ideally, I'd like to see dot and cross implemented for symmatrix and symfunmatrix types where neither function would evaluate, i.e., expand, until both arguments are subs-ed with sym or symfun objects of appropriate dimension.
Also, it would be nice if symmatrix could be assumed to be real. Is there a reason why being able to do so wouldn't make sense?
try
assume(x,'real')
catch ME
ME.message
end
Automating Parameter Identifiability Analysis in SimBiology
Is it possible to develop a MATLAB Live Script that automates a series of SimBiology model fits to obtain likelihood profiles? The goal is to fit a kinetic model to experimental data while systematically fixing the value of one kinetic constant (e.g., k1) and leaving the others unrestricted.
The script would perform the following:
Use a pre-configured SimBiology project where the best fit to the experimental data has already been established (including dependent/independent variables, covariates, the error model, and optimization settings).
Iterate over a defined sequence of fixed values for a chosen parameter.
For each fixed value, run the estimation to optimize the remaining parameters.
Record the resulting Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) for each run.
The final output would be a likelihood profile—a plot of SSE versus the fixed parameter value (e.g., k1)—to assess the practical identifiability of each model parameter.
